Eosinophils are one of the components of white blood cells produced in the bone marrow and are one of the cells that play a role in promoting inflammation, especially allergic inflammatory reactions. Therefore, large quantities of eosin can accumulate in tissues such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and sometimes in the blood when such individuals are exposed to the allergen.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated clinical condition presenting with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and esophageal eosinophilia. Because of the presence of eosinophilia and response to PPI therapy, GERD and PPI-REE have become the most common alternative diagnoses for EoE.

Proton pump inhibitor-responsive eosinophilia should be suspected if esophageal symptoms and eosinophil histological findings demonstrate a symptomatic and histological response to proton pump inhibitors.

Today, with nearly 180 biomarkers have been identified, many biomarkers are being used by doctors to detect, monitor progress, evaluate prognosis of bacterial infections, sepsis and decided to stop taking antibiotics.

In April 2020, RESTEM Biotechnology and Baptist Health South Florida, a nonprofit healthcare organization, announced that three COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were the first to be successfully treated with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the United States.

Liquid biopsy in cancer refers to the isolation and analysis of tumor-derived materials such as DNA, RNA, intact cancer cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, and feces [1,2]. Solid tumors release a variety of materials into body fluids at adjacent tissue sites, and the most common are tumor-derived DNA fragments (ctDNA) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Calprotectin assays and biomarkers provide valuable information about the presence of gastrointestinal inflammation. They are considered to be rapid, effective diagnostic tools and help monitor treatment for gastrointestinal diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis.

Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry is a method of using breath to check patients for esophageal cancer.

Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry is a method of using breath to check patients for esophageal cancer.

Recent studies have reported circulating plasma/serum miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in several gastrointestinal cancers - esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, stomach and colon.

Esophageal cancer is a potentially fatal cancer that includes the subtypes of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Worldwide, the incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing rapidly, associated with an increase in the incidence of related risk factors.