This is an automatically translated article.
The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Cao Thanh Tam - Cardiologist - Cardiovascular Center - Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.People with high blood pressure have higher than normal blood pressure readings, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the treatment and prevention of complications of high blood pressure, the regulation of the diet plays a very important role. Patients need to build a scientific diet, pay attention to reduce salt, limit foods rich in cholesterol and saturated fat (saturated fatty acids).
1. How to build a diet for people with high blood pressure?
General principles to build a diet for people with high blood pressure are as follows:Limit salt intake to < 5g/day.
Lose weight, reduce energy if there is obesity, the menu has energy <35 kcal/kg/day.
Overweight and obese people can calculate their energy according to their body mass index (BMI):
BMI from 25-29.9 energy intake is 1,500 kcal/day BMI from 30-34.9 energy intake Intake is 1,200 kcal/day BMI from 35 to 39.9 energy intake is 1,000 kcal/day BMI ≥ 40, energy intake is 800 kcal/day.
Trắc nghiệm: Bạn có hiểu đúng về huyết áp cao không?
Huyết áp cao còn được gọi là kẻ giết người thầm lặng vì bệnh thường không có triệu chứng. Thiếu hụt kiến thức về huyết áp cao có thể làm cho tình trạng bệnh trở nên trầm trọng hơn. Dưới đây là những câu hỏi trắc nghiệm vui giúp bạn hiểu đúng về bệnh cao huyết áp.People with high blood pressure and obesity or sugar intolerance (pre-diabetes) need to reduce their calorie intake by not eating foods that contain too much energy.
Foods that are easy to cause obesity, excess fat in the body will increase blood cholesterol levels, accumulate in the vessel walls causing atherosclerosis. Increased body weight also increases blood pressure, the more weight increases, the higher the blood pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to eat and drink, maintain weight should not be overweight.
2. People with high blood pressure need to pay attention to reduce salt
With salty dishes containing a lot of salt, this is an issue that people with high blood pressure pay special attention to, how to minimize the amount of salt consumed.Table salt has been studied by many studies to prove its role in high blood pressure. Studies show that, in countries with a high-salt diet, a greater proportion of the population has high blood pressure than in countries with a lower-salt diet. Scientists believe that, when excess salt, the amount of fluid in the blood increases, causing high blood pressure; and the high amount of salt in the blood vessel wall makes the vessel wall "harder", which is a favorable factor for high blood pressure.
Người cao huyết áp cần giảm lượng muối hấp thụ
In adults, use less than 2.3 grams of salt per day. a teaspoon of table salt) will help reduce blood pressure by 2-8 mmHg.
Limiting salt is especially necessary for people with high blood pressure with heart failure or the elderly.
To avoid the use of foods with a lot of salt, people with high blood pressure should pay attention to check the amount of salt listed on food packaging for ready-made foods, limit eating foods that use a lot of salt such as pickles, onions, dishes. store, cook with less salt, use spices to replace the salty taste of salt.
People with high blood pressure when applying a low-salt diet, about 20-60% of people will have a marked reduction in blood pressure.
3. Food should and shouldn't for people with high blood pressure
People with high blood pressure should limit foods high in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, limit fast foods, high in salt such as: instant noodles, salty cakes, fried chicken and chips...Processed foods such as salted meat, salted fish, ham, spring rolls, pate, pickles, salted eggplant, animal viscera, animal fat, butter, and eggs are also not good for high blood pressure patients.
Chất béo từ da và thịt gia cầm không tốt với người cao huyết áp
Experiments have shown that sugar is also a cause of high blood pressure. Therefore, not only people with diabetes but also people with high blood pressure also need to minimize the amount of sugar ingested, limit sugar-based products such as cakes, jams, candies....
In addition, High blood pressure patients also need to limit stimulant drinks: alcohol, coffee, tobacco, solid tea... use foods and drinks that have sedative, antihypertensive, and diuretic effects such as: : lotus seeds, lotus roots...
People with high blood pressure should increase the amount of potassium salt in food in parallel with taking antihypertensive drugs but should not take potassium supplements directly. Fresh vegetables and fruits contain a lot of potassium such as tangerines, bananas, potatoes, squash, avocados, tomato juice, orange juice, melons, dates, dried apricots, yogurt... circuit. If the patient with high blood pressure is accompanied by kidney failure, edema, and little urine, they should not eat too many foods containing potassium to avoid excess potassium.
In addition, calcium deficiency also affects high blood pressure. Drinking about 250ml of cow's milk or soy milk per day will help supplement calcium deficiency. Vegetables such as cruciferous vegetables, celery, mushrooms, wood ear, algae ... also contain large amounts of calcium. People with high blood pressure should eat sea food containing a lot of iodine such as jelly, jellyfish, shrimp, seaweed... to avoid arteriosclerosis.
Green vegetables, vegetables and ripe fruits provide a lot of fiber, potassium, magnesium, vitamins C, A, E, which are nutrients good for blood pressure. A high-fiber meal has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many forms of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure.
Fibers in addition to anti-high blood pressure benefits, they also help lose weight, help eliminate harmful toxins in the body. It is recommended to use enough vegetables and fruits with an average amount of 400g/person/day, with high blood pressure should eat 500g per day along with 100-300g of ripe fruit per day.
Diet, especially the amount of salt, sugar and harmful fats loaded into the body has a great influence on health and high blood pressure. Therefore, patients and families should follow a scientific diet, control blood pressure well to prevent dangerous complications.
In addition to the diet, people with Hypertension also need:
Avoid anxiety, nervous tension, relax and rest properly Exercise regularly: at least 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week Stop smoking leaves and avoid smoke poisoning. Master - Doctor Cao Thanh Tam has many years of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; Performing transthoracic echocardiography in the field of internal medicine and interventional Cardiology; Perform other non-invasive functional investigations in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Currently working as a cardiologist at Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital since November 2015.
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