Acute respiratory failure is the leading cause of hospitalization in children in the intensive care unit. Acute respiratory failure in children can be caused by many factors such as bronchitis, foreign bodies in the airways, asthma, neuromuscular disorders, etc.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in children is a serious hospital-acquired infection and the most common of all hospital-acquired infections. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, the disease can progress to a very serious stage and cause many serious consequences.

Tube thoracostomy is a procedure in which a tube is inserted through the chest wall into the pleural cavity. This procedure is performed in patients with pneumothorax, hemothorax, or empyema.

A drainage tube is a common medical device. A drainage tube can be a single tube or a system of tubes that connect to a cavity or area within the body, to carry fluid out of the body or from one part of the body to another. The drainage fluid varies depending on the function and location of each individual type, including blood, inflammatory fluid, gas, bile, urine, etc.

Pleurotomy is the insertion of a needle, catheter, or trocar into the pleural space to drain air or fluid.