I tested Pepsinogen I: 90 and I/II was greater than 20, much higher than the standard. So the doctor asked me if my Pepsinogen I and I/II are high? When there are signs of need to defecate, I can't hold back for more than 5 minutes, which is very frustrating. What disease is it a symptom of? Is there any treatment, doctor? Thank you.

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach is a precancerous lesion in the process of chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and then adenocarcinoma. This is the most important precancerous stage of stomach cancer, so gastric biopsy will help diagnose stomach cancer early, bringing positive effects in the treatment of the disease later.

Recent advances in endoscopic technology allow detailed visualization of the gastric mucosa. Today, endoscopy is used in the diagnosis of gastritis to determine the presence/absence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and to assess the risk of gastric cancer. In 2013, the Japanese Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy advocated the Kyoto classification, a new endoscopic classification system for gastritis.

In the Correa model of gastric carcinogenesis, Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia are associated with the development of gastric cancer. Low serum pepsinogen levels are known to be highly associated with extensive atrophic gastritis. High-resolution, high-magnification narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) allows detailed examination of the gastrointestinal mucosa. However, there are no comparative data on the usefulness of standard endoscopy and M-NBI for H. pylori infection and gastric precancerous conditions.

Kyoto - a new endoscopic classification system for gastritis. The Kyoto classification has introduced endoscopic signs associated with H. pylori infection. The Kyoto classification score is the sum of five endoscopic findings (atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, hypertrophic folds, nodules, and diffuse erythema with or without regular arrangement of RAC collecting venules) and ranges from 0 to 8.