Insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Insulin resistance is the name when the body's cells do not respond properly to the hormone insulin. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and prediabetes

The role of insulin is to allow the body's cells to absorb glucose for use as fuel or to store it as body fat. It also means that glucose is more likely to build up in the blood and this can lead to too high blood sugar
When the body becomes resistant to insulin, it tries to cope by producing more insulin than. People with insulin resistance often produce more insulin than healthy people.

Initially, insulin resistance is asymptomatic. Symptoms only begin to appear when it leads to side effects such as higher blood sugar.
When these are present, signs and symptoms include:
Lethargy (fatigue) Hunger Difficulty concentrating (brain fog) Other signs that are common in people with insulin resistance include:
Weight gain mid body like belly fat High blood pressure High cholesterol If insulin resistance develops into prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, symptoms will include elevated blood sugar levels and many of the classic symptoms of diabetes type 2 .

While the exact cause of insulin resistance is still not fully understood, it is well known what factors can lead to the development of insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance can often develop if one or more of the following factors apply:
In people who are overweight and obese Have a high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, or high-sugar diet Unsafe lifestyle and physical activity Poor Taking high doses of steroids for a long time Under chronic stress Having Cushing's disease or polycystic ovary disease About what's going on inside the body causing insulin resistance, researchers have observed that insulin resistance occurs in people with:
High levels of insulin circulating in the blood Excess fat is stored in the liver and pancreas High levels of inflammation

The mechanism of type 2 diabetes is usually due to insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues in diabetes. Simply put, when the body's resistance to the effects of insulin in using glucose is called insulin resistance.
4.1. Insulin resistance in the liver The liver is an important organ that produces glucose during fasting. While you sleep, even if you don't eat anything, the body still has glucose to use, it is produced by the liver, and it also determines the morning blood sugar level that we usually measure.
In type 2 diabetes, hepatocytes are resistant to insulin, which means that the liver produces glucose in an uncontrolled manner despite the presence of insulin or does not lead to elevated fasting blood sugar.
4.2. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue In patients with obesity or fatty liver, adipose tissue resistance to insulin leads to increased lipolysis of adipose tissue, which produces more glycerin and triglycerides, two substances that form sugars when traveling to cells. liver cells.
4.3. Muscle insulin resistance When the muscles are active, they use glucose by the action of insulin. When insulin resistance occurs in muscle cells, glucose cannot function, leading to no energy, leading to high glucose in the blood.

It is certainly possible to reduce the effects of insulin resistance and there are several effective ways to do this.
Effective methods include:
Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets Very low-calorie diets Weight loss surgery Lots of exercise combined with a healthy diet These methods work the same way. They all help reduce the body's need for insulin and help people lose weight.
Currently, Vinmec International General Hospital is a prestigious address for treating diabetes-related problems with the following outstanding advantages: industry leading experts, highly qualified, dedicated and wholeheartedly for the benefit of the patient. With 90% having university degrees, 20% being professors and associate professors, nearly 30% having doctorate degrees, bringing high efficiency in medical examination and treatment. Comprehensive and professional medical examination, consultation and treatment services. The system of modern equipment, supports effective diagnosis and treatment. Modern, civilized, luxurious and sterile medical examination and treatment space.