Primary surfactant deficiency in premature infants causes respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Surfactant injection technique to treat respiratory failure is currently being performed independently at Vinmec Hai Phong and Nha Trang since April 2019.

ECMO is a method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, using a circulatory system to perform oxygen exchange outside the body to support and maintain vital functions in patients with severe circulatory or respiratory failure.

Pulmonary hemorrhage in children is a phenomenon of blood flowing out of the endotracheal tube accompanied by clinical worsening. The disease often occurs in children with acute illness and on ventilators. If not provided with enough oxygen and treated to stop the bleeding area, the child will face the risk of respiratory failure and death.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a method of supporting circulation and breathing when the heart or lungs or both cannot function normally. This method helps replace the heart or lungs or both for a short time.