Evoked potentials are electrical potentials recorded after stimulation of the central nervous system with organ-specific stimulus waves. Visual evoked potentials use light stimuli to assess the integrity of optic nerve conduction, from the retina to the occipital visual cortex.

Ocular electrophysiology includes a variety of tests that can be used to provide information about the visual system in addition to the standard clinical examination of the eye. Accordingly, electromyography (ERG) and electrooculography (EOG) are two of the tests performed in the Ophthalmology electrophysiology laboratory. The primary goal of ocular electrophysiology testing is to record electroretinograms, which help assess the overall functional integrity of the visual pathway.