Percutaneous abdominal drainage is an adjunctive treatment for acute pancreatitis, helping to effectively drain fluid pockets containing inflammatory and cytotoxic substances, while reducing the volume of abdominal fluid. Abdominal drainage reduces the number of cases of acute pancreatitis requiring surgical intervention.

Kidney and bladder stones are solid deposits of crystals made from minerals and proteins found in urine. Certain bladder conditions and urinary tract infections can increase the likelihood of stone formation.

The etiology and pathogenesis of spontaneous mesenteric atherosclerosis remain unclear, existing studies suggest that long-term intake of herbal medicines or medicinal wine containing the bactericidal agent geniposide is recognized as one of the main causes of spontaneous mesenteric atherosclerosis.