What is negative pressure isolation room in hospital?

This is an automatically translated article.

Article by Doctor Nguyen Ngoc Quang - Department of Intensive Care - Vinmec Times City International General Hospital

Negative pressure isolation room has lower pressure around, where air can only enter from one side and cannot escape through that side. Polluted air in the room will be treated with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) air filtration system, filtering viruses before it is released through the ventilation system. This design helps reduce the spread of viruses, preventing cross-infection in hospitals.

1.What is negative pressure room? In the event that you are infected with highly contagious viruses or bacteria, your doctor wants to isolate you to avoid the risk of infecting other patients, or other medical staff during your treatment, you will be is located in a very special and modern ward, called the negative pressure isolation room. Equipping negative pressure rooms is extremely expensive and requires high technical standards that very few hospitals, including leading hospitals, can build. Therefore, only a few hospitals can build negative pressure rooms according to strict standards, in order to meet all medical emergencies and ensure safety to avoid infection with other diseases.

2. How do negative pressure chambers work? In the wards, it is necessary to equip a negative pressure generator system at the permissible level, which does not affect the patient's health but meets the requirements of drawing air into one direction and not diffusing the air out. around. This helps prevent airborne pathogens (such as tuberculosis or the flu) from escaping the room and infecting others. To do this, a pressurized aspiration ventilation system is fitted inside the ward. This system maintains a constant, constant suction pressure, the air is drawn through a high-quality filter that filters bacteria. The new air is then moved out. In a negative pressure room, you can feel air being drawn into the room through a gap in a closed door or through a slightly open window.
3. Procedure for entering and exiting negative pressure rooms? Not only is the equipment complicated, but the process of entering and exiting the negative pressure room for medical staff is also very important. If only a small step is wrong, then the effectiveness of avoiding infection will be ineffective.
Everyone entering or leaving the room should wash their hands thoroughly. All hospital staff must wear masks, gowns and gloves. The door to the isolation room needs to be closed at all times. You are required to stay in the room at all times, not to go out except for tests or procedures that cannot be done in the room. Medical staff must clearly understand the steps: protective equipment, opening the buffer room, closing the buffer room, opening the patient room, according to the principle of making the air circulate only one way from outside the patient room => into the patient room => through the filter and the suction outlet.

Here, Door 2 must close before opening door 1, then door 1 must close completely before the medical staff opens door 2 to enter the ward. Behind door number 2 is a negative pressure room, air can only circulate one way from outside door 2, through door 1 and the suction neck inside the patient room cannot circulate back to the outside of door 2.
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