This is an automatically translated article.
Article written by Master, Doctor Nguyen Van Khanh - Pathologist - Laboratory Department - Vinmec Times City International Hospital
Diagnosis by looking for single cells or clusters of cells is called cytology or cytopathology . It is an important diagnostic part for some types of cancer.
Compared with biopsies of tissue samples, cytology samples are often:
Easier to obtain Less uncomfortable for the patient Less likely to cause serious complications Low cost In some cases cytology results are not as accurate as the results. tissue biopsy results. But in many cases cytology results can be consistent with tissue biopsy results.
The results of cytology can be used for diagnosis or used for screening:
Diagnostic tests are used only in people who already have signs, symptoms or some other reason. Others suspect they may have a particular disease (such as cancer). Screening tests are used to find people who may have certain diseases even if they don't have symptoms yet. Often a diagnostic test is used if a screening test is positive (that is, if something abnormal is found on the screening test). Certain types of cytology tests, such as the Pap test, are mainly used for screening, while others may be used to pinpoint cancer. When cytology results show that cancer cells are present, a biopsy is usually done to make an accurate diagnosis before treatment can be performed.
Xét nghiệm Pap giúp phát hiện và tìm kiếm sự thay đổi trong các tế bào cổ tử cung
1. Fine needle aspiration cytology
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is sometimes seen as a cytological test and sometimes as a biopsy test.
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a procedure that uses a very thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe to remove a small amount of fluid and a very small piece of tissue from the tumor. If the tumor is near the surface of the body, the doctor may feel the tumor during aspiration. If the tumor is deeper inside the body and the doctor can't feel it, the doctor will do aspiration under the guidance of ultrasound or CT scan.
The main advantage of FNA is that there is no need to cut the skin and in some cases the same day diagnosis can be obtained. The disadvantage of FNA is that sometimes it is not possible to obtain enough tissue samples for diagnosis. Although FNA is a type of biopsy, it is still considered a cytological test.
2. Cytology tests on body fluids
Fluids removed from body cavities can be tested for cancer cells. Some types of body fluids are tested such as:
Urine fluid Sputum CSF, also known as cerebrospinal fluid (from the spaces around the brain and spinal cord) Pleural fluid (from the spaces around the lungs) ) Pericardial fluid (from the sac surrounding the heart) Ascites or pericardial fluid (from the space in the abdomen)
Một số loại dịch được lấy từ cơ thể cũng có thể được xét nghiệm để xem có tế bào ung thư hay không
3. Scrape or brush cytology
Another cytology technique is to scrape or lightly brush some cells from the organs or tissues being examined. The most well-known cytological test by this method is the Pap test. A small brush is used to collect cells from the cervix (the lower part of the uterus or uterus) for a Pap test. Other parts that may be examined for brush or scraping cytology include the esophagus (swallowing tube), stomach, trachea (tube that carries air to the lungs), and mouth.
Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading medical doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its examination and consultation services. comprehensive and professional medical consultation and treatment; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space.
Any questions that need to be answered by a specialist doctor as well as customers wishing to be examined and treated at Vinmec International General Hospital, please register for an online examination on the Website for the best service.
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
References: American Cancer Society.
