Test index of pre-diabetic patients

This is an automatically translated article.

The article was professionally consulted with Master, Doctor Vu Thi Duyen - Doctor of Nephrology - Endocrinology - Department of Examination & Internal Medicine, Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.
Diagnostic testing for prediabetes is performed in the same way as for patients with diabetes. However, the blood glucose test index of people with pre-diabetes is lower than that of patients with diabetes.

1. A1C test for prediabetes

The A1C test is a blood test that measures the percentage of sugar that is attached to hemoglobin over time, and is very significant as a protein found in red blood cells (RBC). The higher the A1C, the higher the average blood sugar level over the past two or three months.
The A1C test is also known by other names such as:
Hemoglobin A1c test HbA1c test Glycosylated hemoglobin test

How to read an HbA1c test result is as follows:
Normal: An A1C less than 5.7% corresponds to an estimated mean blood sugar of 117 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). This is the value of a perfectly ordinary person. Pre-diabetes A1C index from 5.7% to 6.4%. Type 2 diabetes with an A1C of 6.5% or more. If the results are uncertain, your doctor may order the test again on another day to confirm the diagnosis.

2. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test

The fasting blood glucose (FPG) test is a blood test that measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast (fasting period of at least 8 hours or more).
Normal fasting blood sugar test results are less than 100 mg/dL. Pre-diabetes results from 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/l . A glucose test result of more than 7 mmol/l indicates true diabetes.

3. Randomized plasma glucose (RPG) test

A random plasma glucose (RPG) test is a blood test done at any time of day that does not require fasting. This test measures your blood sugar at the time of the test.
An RPG result above 11.1 mmol/l is a sign of diabetes, especially in those with symptoms of diabetes such as excessive thirst, increased hunger, and frequent urination.
If the number is higher, your doctor will combine using one of the other tests listed here to confirm the diagnosis.

4. Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

The glucose tolerance test (OGTT) takes a little more time than the two tests above. In this test your blood is taken after a night of fasting for at least 8 to 10 hours and then your blood is taken for a glucose test 2 hours after drinking a 75 g glucose drink.
It is normal for blood sugar to rise after drinking alcohol. However, in a normal person, blood sugar will drop below 7.8 mmol/l within 2 hours.
If your blood sugar is between 7.8 mmol/l and 11 mmol/l, your doctor will diagnose prediabetes. If it is higher than 11.1 mmol/l you will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes whatever the reason.

5. Testing for pre-diabetes in children

Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common in children and adolescents possibly due to an increase in childhood obesity. The ADA recommends prediabetes testing for children who are overweight or obese and have one or more other risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including:
A close relative with type 2 diabetes. low birth weight. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes.

Blood sugar levels are considered normal, and prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are the same for children and adults.
Children with prediabetes should see an endocrinologist annually or more often if they have a change in weight or develop signs or symptoms of diabetes such as increased thirst, increased urination a lot, fatigue, or blurred vision.
Diabetes is a dangerous disease and can leave many complications, so when you have test results to diagnose pre-diabetes, you need to change your lifestyle, maintain a suitable diet, visit Periodic health check-ups to detect disease conditions, early have appropriate treatment regimens.
Currently, at Vinmec International General Hospital, we are implementing a screening package for diabetes and dyslipidemia to help detect pre-diabetes early, accurately classify diabetes type, and develop a regimen nutrition, monitoring to minimize the risks and complications caused by diabetes.
All examination and screening procedures are performed by well-trained, experienced and specialized endocrinologists, which will bring optimal treatment effects to customers.
For detailed advice, please come directly to Vinmec Health system or register for an online examination.

Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.

References: diabetes.co.uk, healthline.com, mayoclinic.org