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Posted by Master, Doctor Tran Thi Vuong - Doctor of Microbiology - Laboratory Department - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital.
Knowing how to take samples to conduct tests such as urine tests, sputum samples, ADDIS residue tests... will help bring accurate results and thereby make diagnosis easier.
1. How to take a urine specimen
1.1 How to collect a 24-hour urine specimen
How to collect: At a certain hour (eg 6 am today), ask the patient to empty all of the urine at that time (do not collect in the bottle). After the first time urinating into the container, add anti-rot water and mix well. Store the urine container at a temperature of about 2-4°C.
All subsequent urinations (both day and night, including defecation) must also be placed in a container. At the same time the next day (6 a.m. the next day) ask the patient to empty their bladder for the last time. The patient will notify the nurse to accurately measure the volume of urine in the bottle and record it on the test order sheet. Mix the urine well in the bottle and take about 2/3 of the tube and send it to the laboratory for urinalysis.
1.2 How to take urine samples for Addis residue test
In the morning, the patient wakes up early to urinate, then drinks 300ml of boiled water to cool and rest. In 3 hours urinating normally on a clean potty and measuring how many ml is recorded on the test paper. Shake the entire urine well and take 10ml to the laboratory to conduct the Addis residue test.
Cách lấy bệnh phẩm nước tiểu làm xét nghiệm nước tiểu cần đảm bảo đúng kỹ thuật
2. How to take sputum specimens
Sputum is secretions of the respiratory tract, including mucus, white blood cells, pus, bacterial causes residing in the upper respiratory tract and pathogens (if any) ... are expelled from the body. from the lower respiratory tract (bronchi). If a lower respiratory tract infection is suspected, the patient will be assigned to take sputum to perform tests to find out the cause of the disease.
The sputum collection will comply with the general principles of specimen collection such as: It is best to take it before using antibiotics, after taking it, send it to the laboratory as soon as possible, taking it according to the principle of aseptic. ..
In general, the method of collecting sputum is the same, although the purpose of testing to find the cause of the disease may be different. Usually, cases of sputum collection with the following common purposes:
2.1 Collecting sputum for aerobic bacteria culture
Time of collection: It is best to collect sputum in the morning after the patient wakes up. Or when the patient comes to the clinic. Technical: It is best for the patient to gargle with sterile physiological saline, do not rinse with water with antiseptic. The patient sat up straight, took a deep breath to hold his breath a few times, then coughed loudly and coughed up phlegm. Can help the patient to cough up sputum by patting on the back Container: commonly used is a sterile plastic bottle with a screw cap Quantity: At least the sputum should be visible, avoiding the mixing of saliva.
Việc lấy đờm sẽ tuân thủ các nguyên tắc lấy bệnh phẩm nói chung
2.2 Sputum smear for AFB
Sputum screening for AFB is the cheapest, simplest and easiest technique to find TB bacteria in sputum in patients with suspected pulmonary TB infection.
Time of collection: It is best to take 3 samples
Sample 1: first visit to the doctor Sample 2: In the morning, preferably after waking up Sample 3: Collect at the doctor's place (when sample 2 is brought to test) Collection technique:
Take samples outdoors in a well-ventilated area, where there are few people, should not be concentrated in one place. Have the patient gargle with sterile physiological saline, do not rinse with water containing antiseptic. Instruct the patient to sit up straight, take a deep breath to hold his breath a few times, and then cough forcefully and spit out sputum. Sputum can be helped by patting the back of the patient. Container: A plastic container or vial with a sterile screw cap.
Volume: At least visible sputum
2.3 Collect sputum for molecular biology
Collecting techniques and containers are the same as in the above 2 cases.
Time of collection: Just take 1 sample when the patient comes to the examination
Microbiological test results are accurate or not depends a lot on the technique of taking samples. To be tested accurately, patients need to be examined and consulted by a doctor as well as instructed to take a sputum sample with the correct technique.
Kết quả xét nghiệm vi sinh được chính xác hay không phụ thuộc rất nhiều vào kỹ thuật lấy bệnh phẩm
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