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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, also known as immune hemolytic anemia, is a rare disorder that occurs in red blood cells. The cause of the disease is because the body produces antibodies that destroy red blood cells.
1. What is autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia results from the formation of abnormal antibodies against antigens present on red blood cells. Anti-erythrocytic antibodies can be active at 37 degrees Celsius (hot antibodies) or below 37 degrees Celsius (cold antibodies) and sometimes at both temperatures (mixed antibodies).
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by hot antibodies accounts for over 80-90% of cases. The destruction of erythrocytes is due to phagocytosis occurring in the endothelial system or by activation of the complement system that causes red blood cell lysis.
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2. Complications of autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Red blood cells are cells that help transport oxygen throughout the body. When the immune system is confused and mistakenly recognizes red blood cells with foreign antigens that need to be eliminated, it will produce antibodies to destroy red blood cells, causing these blood cells to die earlier than normal. Normally, the life cycle of each red blood cell in the body is between 100–120 days. However, in the case of severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia, red blood cells only live for a few days.
Because the mechanism of the disease is to produce antibodies against and destroy red blood cells, autoimmune hemolytic anemia is quite a dangerous disease. The most obvious and typical complication of the disease is causing severe anemia if not treated promptly.
Immune hemolytic anemia causes very rapid anemia that can be life-threatening. Causes weakness, fatigue, and possibly pre-heart attack or congestive heart failure.
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a dangerous disease that affects the health and life of the patient. However, if detected and timely medical treatment intervention can help reduce the bad effects.
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