Acetylcysteine is a commonly used medication for treating productive coughs and is easily available over the counter in various brand names and forms suitable for different individuals. However, special precautions must be taken when using this medication.
1. Side effects of Acetylcysteine
Apart from common side effects (occurring in > 1% of users) such as nausea, vomiting, flushing, swelling, and rapid heartbeat, acetylcysteine has a rare but noteworthy side effect: anaphylactic reactions and bronchospasm, which can lead to breathing difficulties and respiratory failure.
Typically, acetylcysteine breaks down mucus, reduces its viscosity, and facilitates its removal through coughing, postural drainage, or mechanical methods. It achieves this by cleaving disulfide bonds in mucoproteins, a component of mucus. However, it may also cause bronchospasm due to the local release of histamine (an allergenic and anaphylactic agent).
2. Acetylcysteine should be avoided in asthma patients
Although not strictly contraindicated, acetylcysteine should be avoided in individuals with asthma. Asthma presents a risk factor that necessitates careful evaluation of the benefits and risks, close monitoring, and the availability of emergency medical equipment and personnel to manage life-threatening bronchospasm if it occurs.
Therefore, before taking acetylcysteine, people with asthma should note:
• Inform your doctor or pharmacist about your medical history to help determine whether the medication is appropriate and ensure close monitoring during its use.
• Avoid self-medicating with over-the-counter cough or mucus-loosening medications without understanding their ingredients and consulting a healthcare professional.
• If you experience unusual symptoms while using the medication, such as increased mucus secretion, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, or other adverse effects, contact or visit a healthcare facility immediately for timely intervention.
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