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Gentamicin sulfate is known as a prescription antibiotic, indicated for infections, infections in the kidneys, urinary tract, skin, joints... So how is Gentamicin sulfate used? How to use, how to use?
1. What is Gentamicin sulfate?
Gentamicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with high effectiveness thanks to the mechanism of blocking and inhibiting the protein biosynthesis of many bacteria. In particular, the bactericidal spectrum of Gentamicin includes staphylococci, Gram aerobic bacteria or even strains that produce penicillinase and are resistant to methicillin.However, Gentamicin has a low effect on gonococcal, meningococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal, Enterococci, Providencia or Citrobacter bacteria. As for the group of obligate anaerobes such as Clostridia and Bacteroides, all are resistant to Gentamicin.
Drug group: Antiviral, antifungal, anti-infective, anti-parasitic drugs. Dosage form: Solution for injection. Ingredients: Gentamicin. Content: 80mg/2ml. Registration number: VN-10404-05. Manufacturer: Wuhan Grand Pharm Goup Co., Ltd - China. Registered company: Wuhan Grand Pharm Goup Co., Ltd.
2. Uses of Gentamicin sulfate injection 80mg/2ml
2.1. Gentamicin sulfate uses Gentamicin, when taken into the body, penetrates the cell envelope of bacteria, thanks to an oxygen-dependent transport system. Next, Gentamicin and aminosides attach to the 30S subunit, causing the sequence of amino acids to be incorrect, in order to create inactive bacterial cell proteins and kill bacteria.
It is thanks to the above use that Gentamicin sulfate injection 80mg/2ml is popularly used in the treatment of severe systemic infections, caused by Gram-negative bacteria and other susceptible bacteria.
2.2. Indications Gentamicin sulfate is indicated in the following cases:
Bone and joint infections. Skin infections such as sores, burns... Intra-abdominal infections (including peritonitis). Biliary tract infections (acute cholangitis and cholecystitis). Urinary tract infections (acute pyelonephritis, nephritis). Infections of viscous mucus disease, meningitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis, Brucella infection, Listeria infection. Prevention of infection when performing surgery and in the treatment of immunocompromised people, patients needing intensive care... Corneal infections, blepharitis, lacrimal sac inflammation, corneal ulcers can cause infections. pus, corneal ulcer, sclera, stye, eye damage caused by foreign body... In addition, the drug is also used with other antibacterial agents to expand the spectrum of action and increase the effectiveness of treatment. For example, in combination with penicillin is indicated in the case of infections caused by enterococci and gonococcal bacteria. Gentamicin combined with beta - lactam will help to resist the blue pus bacillus commonly found in infections caused by pus bacillus. Combined with clindamycin, penicillin, quinolone or metronidazol to enhance antibacterial effect.
2.3. Dosage and administration: Gentamicin is most commonly administered by intramuscular injection. It is not recommended to use subcutaneous injection, because of the high risk of skin necrosis. Dosage should be adjusted based on the age and medical condition of the patient. Specifically:
For adults: Use 3mg/kg/day, divided into 2-3 times by intramuscular route. For children: 3mg/kg/day, divided into 3 times by intramuscular injection (1mg/day, every 8 hours). How to use
Can be injected once a day for patients 65 years of age or younger with guaranteed renal function, treatment does not exceed 1 week and is not infected by Pseudomonas spp or Enterococci. As for patients diagnosed with kidney failure, it is necessary to use exactly according to the dose prescribed by the doctor. In cases where the patient cannot inject intramuscularly, intermittent intravenous infusion can be used. At that time, it is necessary to mix Gentamicin with isotonic sodium chloride or glucose solutions, according to the standard ratio of 1:1 infusion for 1 mg of Gentamicin. Each infusion lasts from 30 minutes to 1 hour. For patients with guaranteed renal function, it can be infused with a frequency of 8 hours/time, and for patients with renal failure, a longer interval is needed. For other cases, injection twice a day is usually recommended, except in patients with renal failure where usual measures should be maintained. When treatment lasts more than 7-10 days, it is necessary to measure the concentration of Gentamicin in the blood plasma. If the concentration is less than 2 micrograms/ml (measured before the next dose), the frequency of injection is consistent with the patient's ability to eliminate. 2.4. In case of missed dose, overdose and handling Missed dose: Gentamicin is prescribed and used under the close supervision of a doctor, so it is very rare to miss a dose.
Overdose: Gentamicin is a drug that does not have a specific antidote, so when an overdose occurs, the main treatment is to treat symptoms and the support of medical staff. These include:
Applying peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis to remove aminoglycosides from the blood of patients with renal failure. Use anticholinesterase drugs, calcium salts, or perform CPR to treat neuromuscular blockade - the cause of respiratory failure, persistent myasthenia gravis or paralysis can occur when the patient takes two or more concurrent aminoglycosides.
3. Precautions when using Gentamicin sulfate
3.1. Contraindications Subjects contraindicated to use Gentamicin sulfate include:
Patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the drug or aminoglycoside group. The patient has damage to the kidneys or hearing. 3.2. Side effects When using Gentamicin sulfate injection 80mg/2ml, patients may experience some of the following side effects:
Transient: Pain, mild stinging in the eye area, a feeling of itching, slight irritation. When the drug is stopped, there are signs of an allergic reaction. For hearing: May cause tinnitus, dizziness, vestibular disorders, impaired hearing function, hearing loss, irreversible deafness. For the kidney: Causing damage, tubular necrosis or reversible interstitial nephritis. Allergic conditions: On the skin appear rash, urticaria, stomatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, mild shock. Some other undesirable side effects: Inhibiting nerve conduction - muscle like cura substances, even worse, muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, respiratory paralysis. 3.3. Gentamicin is inactivated in vitro in the presence of cephalosporins and penicillins due to a reaction with the beta-lactam ring. The potential for loss of activity depends on temperature, drug concentration or exposure time.
In addition, Gentamicin also interacts with drugs such as heparin, sodium bicarbonate, furosemide and some nutritional solutions used outside the gastrointestinal tract. Reactions also occur when the drug comes into contact with an alkaline pH preparation or the drug is unstable at an acidic pH.
Note: Gentamicin should not be mixed with other drugs in a syringe or infusion solution, and not injected into the same vein. In cases where aminoglycosides must be injected in combination with beta-lactams, they should be injected at different sites.
3.4. Some other notes Gentamicin is a prescription antibiotic and should only be used when prescribed by a doctor. For patients taking high doses for a long time, kidney failure, young children or the elderly need to be closely monitored. All aminoglycosides are toxic to the kidneys and organs of hearing. The drug should be used with caution in people with Parkinson's disease, severe myasthenia gravis, or muscle weakness. Above is important information about Gentamicin sulfate injection 80mg/2ml that we need to know. Patients only use when there is a prescription, indication and close monitoring of the doctor.
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