This is an automatically translated article.
The article was written by Doctor, Dr. Le Xuan Luat - Infectious, hepatobiliary doctor - Department of General Internal Medicine, Vinmec Times City International General Hospital.Efavirenz was approved for use in 1998 in the US. Efavirenz belongs to the group of non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. After the HIV virus enters the host cell, the HIV RNA strand is released, and the single strand RNA is reverse transcribed to form DNA by reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which prevent viral RNA from being copied into DNA, prevent HIV from replicating.
1. First-line ARV regimens
Table 1: First-line ARV regimens| Đối tượng | Phác đồ ưu tiên | Phác đồ thay thế | Phác đồ đặc biệt (khi không dùng được hoặc không có phác đồ ưu tiên hay thay thế) |
| Người lớn bao gồm cả phụ nữ mang thai (*) và trẻ từ 10 tuổi trở lên | TDF + 3TC (hoặc FTC) + DTG1 | TDF + 3TC + EFV 400 mg |
TDF + 3TC (hoặc FTC) + EFV 600mg AZT + 3TC + EFV 600 mg TDF + 3TC (hoặc FTC) +PI/r ABC + 3TC + DTG1 |
| Trẻ dưới 10 tuổi | ABC+ 3TC + DTG | ABC+3TC+ LPV/r |
ABC + 3TC + EFV3 (hoặc NVP) AZT + 3TC + EFV3 (hoặc NVP) AZT + 3TC + LPV/r (hoặc RAL) |
| Trẻ sơ sinh (trẻ dưới 4 tuần tuổi) | AZT+3TC+RAL | AZT+3TC+NVP | AZT+3TC+LPV/r |
| Tên thuốc | Viết tắt |
| Tenofovir | TDF |
| Efavirenz | EFV |
| Lamivudine | 3TC |
| Abacvir | ABC |
| Dolutegravir | DTG |
| Nevirapine | NVP |
| Lopinavir/ ritonavir | LPV/r |
| Raltegravir | RAL |
2. Side effects of first-line ARVs - Efavirenz (EFV)
There are many side effects associated with Efavirenz that have been reported.| Tác dụng phụ thường gặp | Tác dụng phụ ít gặp |
| Phát ban | Sốt |
| Trầm cảm | Đau bụng |
| Đau đầu | Mệt mỏi |
| Đau | Hoang tưởng |
| Tiêu chảy | Đau dây thần kinh ngoại biên |
| Tăng men gan | |
| Táo bón |
2. Hepatotoxicity
May increase liver enzymes, people taking the drug with hepatitis B, hepatitis C should have their liver function checked regularly.
3. Central Nervous System
Sleep disturbance Dizziness Somnolence Unsteady gait 4. Birth defects
Do not use Efavirenz during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
5. Mental disorders
Decreased concentration Dreaming Depression, paranoia. VINMEC directly on the hospital website. Your question will be sent to the doctor and you will receive a consultation as soon as possible!
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