Varicocele is a condition of abnormal enlargement and lengthening of the veins in the spermatic vein network located above the testicles. People with varicocele may have reduced sperm count and quality, increasing the risk of infertility.

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is an abbreviation for the phrase “Digital Subtraction Angiography”, a diagnostic method that combines X-ray imaging and uses algorithms to subtract the background of the acquired image, before and after injecting contrast. DSA plays an important role in diagnosing varicocele in particular and vascular abnormalities in general.