Thalassemia is the most common recessive genetic disease in the world, accounting for about 4.8% of the global population. In Vietnam, the rate of disease gene carriers in Kinh people is 2 - 4%. This rate is very high in the Muong, Tay, Thai ethnic groups at 22%; Ede, Stieng ethnic groups at over 40%. This is a genetic disease, father and/or mother pass on the disease gene to their children. The disease occurs in both men and women.