Renal artery bypass grafting is indicated to control symptoms of renal artery stenosis and prevent complications. The patients most often indicated for renal vascular intervention are those with severe renal artery stenosis — greater than 60 to 70% of the artery's diameter.

Renal artery stenosis is caused by many different factors. The two most common forms of renal artery stenosis are: Fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerosis. If renal artery stenosis is not detected early and treated promptly, it will cause dangerous complications.