Acute pyelonephritis is a common form of urinary tract infection. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, the disease can lead to kidney failure and life-threatening blood infection.

The renal artery is located in the retroperitoneum, giving rise to several small branches before dividing into terminal branches at the renal hilum. The function of the renal artery is to supply the renal parenchyma with oxygenated blood flow for nourishment. At the same time, it supplies blood for filtration, removing metabolic waste products and excess water.