The reported incidence of complications associated with plasma exchange transfusion (TPE) varies widely depending on the definition and can be divided into two groups: those related to the procedure (17%) and those due to reactions to TPE (17%). Recent studies have found complication rates ranging from 5% to 36%, most of which were mild and did not require intervention. Hypocalcemia due to citrate anticoagulation is most common in cTPE, less common in mTPE.