Disorders of the brain, spine, and nervous system often have serious symptoms and children need to undergo complex neurosurgery combined with anesthesia to treat. Anesthesia in pediatric neurosurgery is to ensure the health, safety, and comfort of children during surgery and other diagnostic or treatment techniques.

Neurosurgical anesthesia is a specialized field of anesthesia. It is a specialty that provides anesthesia and supports the performance of surgeries related to the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, through the assessment of parameters such as intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral metabolic index during anesthesia.

Intracranial tumors may involve the brain or other structures such as cranial nerves or the meninges. Tumors usually develop in early or middle adulthood but can develop at any age and are more common in older adults. Brain tumors are found in about 2% of autopsies.