Biliary tract infection or cholangitis is usually caused by bacteria and has a wide variety of manifestations. Complications of biliary tract infection such as septicemia, biliary abscess, and cholangiocarcinoma are all potentially fatal if not treated promptly.

Biliary atresia is a rare disease that causes obstruction of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts or the entire bile duct, causing cholestasis and jaundice in newborns. Biliary atresia requires emergency treatment and early diagnosis in the neonatal period.