Rh incompatibility occurs when a mother with Rh-negative blood carries a baby with Rh-positive blood, which can lead to hemolysis - a serious condition for the baby if left untreated.

Blood group incompatibility between mother and child is one of the causes of neonatal jaundice. The degree of jaundice in these situations is often quite severe and can cause brain damage, followed by cerebral palsy, a serious sequela if not actively treated.