Congenital heart disease is the most common malformation and the leading cause of death among birth defects in children. Congenital heart disease is divided into cyanotic congenital heart disease and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease is the most common malformation and the leading cause of death among birth defects in children. Congenital heart disease is divided into cyanotic congenital heart disease and non-cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Cyanosis occurs in about one-third of potentially fatal forms of congenital heart disease (TBS). Early recognition, resuscitation, and transport to an appropriate cardiovascular care center are important for the survival of neonates with cyanosis.

Infants and young children with tetralogy of Fallot or other congenital heart defects with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction are often hospitalized for hypoxic cyanotic episodes. Although neonatal cyanotic episodes are rare during this period, they can occur in the first few months of life, usually between 2 and 6 months of age, while the infant is awaiting surgical intervention.

Neonates with cyanosis require immediate evaluation, general supportive care to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, and specific treatment when the underlying cause is known. Specific interventions for cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCH) of the newborn include administration of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; also known as alprostadil) and catheter-based corrective or palliative procedures.