Gastrointestinal complications in kidney transplant recipients may be a consequence of infections typical of transplant recipients, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis after kidney transplantation, and immunosuppressant-mediated damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. Immunosuppressive therapy, which could theoretically counteract this inflammatory process, may in turn allow dysregulation of the intestinal immune system, ultimately leading to the development of posttransplant IBD.