Acute myelitis is a disease that occurs mainly in children. The disease is rare but dangerous. If not treated promptly, it can cause respiratory failure and dangerous neurological complications.

Acute encephalomyelitis (acute brain syndrome) is an acute inflammatory disease of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. The disease often occurs in healthy men. Clinical manifestations are neuropsychiatric symptoms; meningeal irritation syndrome with focal neurological signs, optic neuritis, decreased or loss of vision, hemiplegia or quadriplegia.