Bounded above by the diaphragm and extending below into the pelvis, the abdominal cavity contains most of the organs of the digestive system and parts of the genitourinary system. Abdominal blood vessels supply blood to various organs and tissue layers. Accordingly, the abdominal vascular anatomy is one of the most complex vascular systems in the body. An understanding of abdominal vascular anatomy is important for understanding clinical and surgical pathology.