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Dubbed the devil's breath, the drug scopolamine can induce people to fall into a hypnotic state, which is considered a fearsome drug in criminal activities. So what is Scopolamine? Who is Scopolamine contraindicated for?
1. What is scopolamine?
What is scopolamine ? Scopolamine belongs to the class of anticholinergic psychotropic drugs. Has the effect of slowing stomach and intestinal contractions, reducing secretions, reducing pupil dilation.
2.What are the indications for use of Scopolamine?
Scopolamine is indicated in the following cases:
Motion sickness : relieves the feeling of nausea, vomiting, dizziness Used for patients with nausea, vomiting after anesthesia and surgery (PONV). In surgery: to suppress secretions. Parkinson disease. Muscle spasticity. IBS – irritable bowel syndrome. Appendicitis .
Scopolamine được chỉ định trong các trường hợp say tàu xe
3. How to use Scopolamine effectively
3.1 Scopolamine Administration in Adults Treatment of nausea/vomiting: usually intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously 0.3-0.65 mg every 6-8 hours as needed. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: apply the transdermal 1.5 mg scopolamine patch behind the ear the evening before the scheduled day of surgery and keep the patch for 24 hours after surgery before discarding. Before cesarean section in pregnant women, apply the patch 1 hour before surgery to limit exposure to the baby. Motion sickness: Apply a transdermal 1.5 mg scopolamine patch behind the ear at least 4 hours before boarding, as each Scopolamine patch can provide in vivo approximately 1 mg of Scopolamine for 72 hours should be needed if needed. If necessary, you can replace the new piece after this time. Parkinson's treatment: 0.4-0.8 mg/8 hours as needed. 3.2 Scopolamine administration in children Nausea/vomiting: For children aged 1 to 12 years: intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously 6 mcg/kg/dose every 6-8 hours as needed, (maximum dose) can be used is: 0.3 mg/dose). Motion sickness: like an adult
4. Who is scopolamine contraindicated for?
4.1 Absolute contraindication to whom? Patients with a history of allergy to any of the ingredients in Scopolamine or known anticholinergics. You should tell your doctor right away about your history or allergic reactions while taking this medicine.
4.2. Relative contraindications People with eye diseases, glaucoma: Scopolamine can cause paralysis of the eyelid body, dilated pupils and lead to glaucoma. Monitor patients with open-angle glaucoma and adjust glaucoma therapy during Scopolamine as necessary. You should immediately remove the patch and seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of acute angle-closure glaucoma such as: eye pain or discomfort, blurred vision, halos or colored images associated with red eyes due to conjunctival congestion and corneal edema). The anticholinergic effects of scopolamine can cause dry eyes. This can cause discomfort in the eyes or blurred vision for contact lens wearers.
Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases: Scopolamine should be used with caution in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including pyloric stenosis, gastrointestinal obstruction, severe ulcerative colitis, and reflux disease. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or hiatal hernia is associated with gastroesophageal reflux. Scopolamine reduces gastrointestinal motility and may worsen these conditions. During scopolamine treatment in patients with these conditions will be regularly monitored to prevent undesirable effects from occurring.
People with Asthma, COPD: Scopolamine should be used with caution in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of its effects on bronchial smooth muscle and bronchial excretory glands.
People with cardiovascular disease: Scopolamine should be used with caution in patients with heart conditions, including tachycardia, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. The drug can increase heart rate and increase arrhythmias by preventing vagal inhibition of the sinus node. Scopolamine should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, as these patients may be at increased risk for adverse events, especially in the heart
People with neurological conditions: Scopolamine should be used with caution It is important for patients with myasthenia gravis or diseases of the autonomic nervous system, because the drug competes with the small amounts of acetylcholine capable of acting in the body. Scopolamine may also worsen psychosis. In elderly patients with dementia scopolamine may aggravate the disease. In addition, scopolamine causes drowsiness, dizziness and disorientation.
Scopolamine should be used with caution in patients with seizures. Seizures and seizure-like activity have been reported in patients receiving scopolamine. Weigh potential risks versus benefits before prescribing scopolamine to patients with a history of seizures, including those taking antiepileptic drugs or those with risk factors that may lower the convulsion threshold. jerk.
Patients with urinary disease: In people with urination problems such as prostate enlargement, urinary tract obstruction, or at risk of urinary retention due to prostate enlargement should be used with caution, as it can causes urinary retention due to antimuscarinic effects on the ureters and bladder. Your doctor will monitor you regularly if you have these problems and stop using scopolamine if you have difficulty urinating.
People with liver disease: The drug has not been studied in patients with liver disease. Consider more frequent monitoring in these patients, because of the increased risk of CNS adverse reactions.
People with kidney disease: The drug should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease, because the drug can increase the disease due to the slower elimination of scopolamine from the body.
In addition, caution should be exercised when administering scopolamine to people driving or operating machinery, drinking alcoholic beverages, women having a caesarean section, having pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or being pregnant or breastfeeding (because scopolamine can be secreted into milk), children
5. What are the side effects of scopolamine?
When experiencing the following serious side effects, you should immediately see a doctor for help:
Pain, redness in the eyes, halos around the eyes; Blurred vision, increased sensitivity to light; confusion, agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior; Urinating less or not being able to urinate.
Mắt nhìn mờ, mắt tăng nhạy cảm với ánh sáng là tác dụng phụ của scopolamine
6. Drug interactions
Drug interactions occur when scopolamine is taken with drugs such as: antidepressants, antihistamines (including meclizine), pain relievers, sedatives (to treat insomnia), muscle relaxers, and relievers concerned.
7. Using scopolamine overdose or forgetting dose of scopolamine need to handle?
When using scopolamine as well as other anticholinergic drugs can cause anticholinergic poisoning with symptoms such as: lethargy, drowsiness, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, visual disturbances, red skin flushing, urinary retention, decreased intestinal motility, tachycardia, supraventricular arrhythmias, increased blood pressure.
When these symptoms become severe and you may need medical intervention. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is too close to your next dose, skip that dose and take your next dose as usual. Do not take double the prescribed dose of scopolamine.
Store scopolamine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep medicine out of reach of children and pets.
Scopolamine is an anticholinergic psychotropic drug. Has the effect of slowing stomach and intestinal contractions, reducing secretions, reducing pupil dilation. To ensure effectiveness, users need to strictly follow the instructions for use.
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