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Lung maturation injection was performed for the first time in the world in 1972. Since then, the lung maturation injection method has become popular, making an important contribution to reducing the risk of acute respiratory failure, death and other diseases in premature infants.
1. What is a lung maturation injection?
Lung maturation injection is a method to help the fetal lungs develop more quickly, avoiding the risk of premature babies having respiratory failure due to the lungs not fully developed in function. Lung maturation drugs also reduce the risk of systemic infections, cerebral hemorrhage, growth retardation, and mortality in premature infants, neonates with malnutrition.
Current injectable lung maturation drugs are corticosteroids. Of these, two commonly used drugs are Dexamethasone and Betamethasone. The advantages of these two drugs are:
Weak immunosuppressive ability Lasts longer than hydrocortisone Drug crosses the placenta well The drug does not last long in the child's circulation (40 hours). The method of injecting corticosteroids into pregnant women to stimulate fetal lung maturation was first performed in 1972. Since then, the method has been widely applied and obtained many successful results. Twelve randomized studies were conducted between 1972 and 1989 in 3000 women with preterm labor, who were divided into two groups, one group receiving betamethasone and the other receiving a placebo. Results showed that corticosteroids reduced the risk of respiratory failure by 50% in premature babies born before 31 weeks of pregnancy. In 2000, the US National Academy of Medicine's National Academy of Medicine Conference on the Efficacy of Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy for Fetal Maturation once again confirmed the role of pulmonary maturation injection in reducing the risk of acute respiratory failure. risk of death and other morbidity in premature infants.
Thuốc tiêm trưởng thành phổi hiện nay thuộc nhóm corticosteroid
2. Effect of drugs on lung maturation?
The drug that matures the lungs, after being injected into the pregnant woman's body, will cross the placenta to the fetus's body. Lung maturation drug effects are:
Stimulates the synthesis and release of surfactant into the fetal alveoli. In a normal pregnancy, surfactant is the active ingredient that only appears when the fetus is 32 weeks old. Surfactant helps to reduce surface tension in the alveoli after the baby is born, keeping the alveoli open for gas exchange. Lack of surfactant will increase the risk of atelectasis, acute respiratory failure in neonates. Lung maturation injections also help stimulate lung volume to increase and decrease the amount of fluid in the lungs.
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3. In what cases are lung maturation injections done?
Lung maturation injections are performed when the doctor determines that the pregnant woman has signs of preterm birth or is at high risk of preterm birth.
Warning signs of the risk of preterm birth include:
Appearance of painful uterine contractions with frequent frequency Bleeding or pink mucus in the vagina, low back pain, heaviness in the abdomen Through examination, doctor The doctor noticed a change in the cervix Amniotic fluid rupture, pelvic pain Some common causes of preterm birth are:
Pregnant women have congenital uterine anomalies, open uterus, cervix short, uterine fibroids, vaginal infections, urinary tract infections, a history of premature birth,... Causes from pregnancy such as: multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, ruptured membranes, leaking amniotic fluid, amniotic infection, fetal defects, in vitro fertilization,...
Thai phụ tiến hành tiêm trưởng thành phổi khi có nguy cơ sinh non
4. When should lung maturation injections be given?
Lung maturation injections are performed between 24 and 34 weeks of pregnancy. If, after 7 days of injection, the pregnant woman still has not given birth and is still at risk of preterm birth in the next 7 days, the pregnant woman will be given a booster shot.
Dosage for each course is as follows:
Betamethasone: 12mg/dose IM, 2 doses, 24 hours apart Dexamethasone: 6mg/dose IM, 4 doses, 12 hours apart. Pulmonary maturity injection is not recommended for periodic injections or for more than 2 injections. If the fetus is after 34 weeks, it is not necessary to have a lung maturation injection, because the drug is no longer effective.
Thuốc trưởng thành phổi không có tác dụng với thai nhi 34 tuần tuổi
5. What are the possible side effects of the lung maturation injection?
In addition to the drug benefits, corticosteroid injections of lung maturation can also cause side effects that affect the health of the mother and the fetus such as:
Causes adrenal insufficiency in the mother, there are case reports of Adrenal insufficiency in the neonate is rare. The mother may experience anaphylaxis, allergies, hypotension, and an increased risk of infection with lung maturation injections. Causes hyperglycemia that begins with the first injection and lasts for about 5 days. Therefore, pregnant women need to be screened for gestational diabetes to avoid the risk of uncontrolled blood sugar after injection. Use of 3 or more doses of Betamethasone may be associated with hyperactivity in later life. Using multiple doses of dexamethasone, the fetus is at risk of neurotoxicity. Because of the many risks, lung maturation injections should be done only when prescribed by a doctor. Pregnant women will be closely monitored after injection to prevent possible complications.
If you have a history of preterm birth or have signs of premature birth, you should perform regular antenatal check-ups, and choose all-inclusive maternity care methods so that the doctor can understand the whole pregnancy. medical history and have directions to monitor, treat and limit diseases affecting the health of mother and fetus.
To protect the health of pregnant women and their babies during pregnancy, Vinmec International General Hospital provides a package of maternity services as a solution to help pregnant women feel secure because of the companionship of the medical team. doctor throughout pregnancy. When choosing Maternity Package, pregnant women can:
The pregnancy process is monitored by a team of highly qualified doctors Regular check-ups, early detection of abnormalities The Package Maternity package helps to facilitate convenient for the birthing process Newborns get comprehensive care
Please dial HOTLINE for more information or register for an appointment HERE. Download MyVinmec app to make appointments faster and to manage your bookings easily.
