This is an automatically translated article.
Efavula is a drug used in combination with many other antiretroviral drugs in the case of need to treat immunodeficiency virus infections in people with HIV Type 1. To learn more about the use of Efavula and important information Other important, please refer to the following article.
1. Uses of Efavula
Efavirenz is indicated for use in the following cases:
In combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults, adolescents and children 3 years of age and older. Helps prevent post-exposure HIV by occupation (used in combination with 2 other nucleosides). Helps prevent non-occupational HIV postexposure (in combination with 2 other nucleosides). Some cases below are contraindicated with Efavula:
People who are hypersensitive, allergic to any of the ingredients in the drug. Patients with severe liver failure. Do not take Efavirenz concomitantly with astemizol, bepridil, triazolam, terfenadine, cisapride, midazolam, pimozide or ergot alkaloids (such as dihydroergotamine, ergonovin, ergotamine and methylergonovin). This is because the competitive mechanism of CYP3A4 with efavirenz can cause inhibition of the metabolism of these drugs, on the other hand, potentially dangerous, even life-threatening side effects (such as prolonged sedation, cardiac arrhythmia or respiratory failure). Efavirenz should not be co-administered with products containing Banyan, because of the risk of reducing plasma concentrations as well as reducing the clinical efficacy of the drug.
2. Dosage and usage
2.1. Dosage The dosage of Efavirenz is specifically indicated for the following cases:
In case of HIV infection: Use in combination with 2 nucleoside drugs: Lamivudin (3TC), efavirenz (EFV), stavudine (d4T) ) or zidovudine (ZDV) + 3TC + EFV. For adults, adolescents and children over 40kg, use 600mg / time, use 1 time a day. In case of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis: Use in combination with other antiretroviral drugs (usually 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) at a dose of 600mg/time, once a day on the evening before when you go to sleep. It should be started within a few hours of exposure and should be taken continuously for the next 4 weeks. In case of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis: Use in combination with 2 other antiretroviral drugs, the dose is 600mg/time, once a day in the evening before going to bed. It should be used as soon as possible within 72 hours of exposure and continuously for 28 days. For the elderly: To date, Efavirenz has not been studied in the elderly, so patients should be carefully monitored and used with caution. For patients with renal impairment: The pharmacokinetic effects of the drug have not been studied in patients with renal impairment. However, less than 1% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, so the effect of renal impairment on elimination is negligible. For patients with liver failure: Patients with mild liver impairment can take the recommended dose. However, careful monitoring of dose-related adverse reactions, especially those on the nervous system, is still required. 2.2. How to use Efavula should be taken on an empty stomach, avoid taking the drug at meals containing a lot of fat because it can increase drug absorption. The patient should swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water or can open the capsule, mix it with liquid food and drink, without breaking the tablet.
In the first 2-4 weeks, it is recommended to take the drug at bedtime to help improve tolerability, and at the same time minimize complications in the central nervous system such as insomnia, somnolence, nightmares, and loss of concentration. , dizzy. If the patient does not see any side effects on the central nervous system, the drug can be used at a favorable time of the day.
In case you are using Efavirenz-only preparations, absolutely do not take them in combination with other preparations containing Efavirenz ingredients. Efavirenz when co-administered with antiretroviral drugs should be continuously monitored to assess toxicity and disease progression as well as to have a plan to adjust the treatment regimen if necessary.
Medicines need to be taken on time, if you miss a dose, you need to take it as soon as you remember. In case it is too close to the next dose, skip the missed dose, absolutely do not take two doses at the same time to make up.
3. Side effects
In some cases, patients may experience the following undesirable side effects when using the drug:
Very common: Rash. Common: Causes hypertriglyceridemia, restlessness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, nightmares, disturbances of cerebellar balance and coordination, headache, somnolence, dizziness, thought disturbances. standing position, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, fatigue, increased alanine amino transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate amino transferase (AST). Uncommon: Hypersensitivity, hypercholesterolemia, decreased vision, dizziness, tinnitus, bleeding, pancreatitis, acute hepatitis, gynecomastia in men, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
4. Be careful when taking medicine
For patients with severe hepatic impairment, caution should be exercised when administering the drug and monitoring liver enzyme values in patients with mild to moderate liver disease. Caution should be exercised when administering the drug to patients with a history of convulsions or psychosis. Treatment with Efavirenz should be discontinued if a severe progressive skin rash develops, accompanied by exfoliative mucous membrane adhesions or fever. Blood glucose and blood lipids should be monitored during treatment with Efavirenz. Seizures and convulsions have been reported in both adults and children taking Efavirenz, especially those with a history of seizures. The drug when taken with food can increase the absorption of the drug, and lead to an increased frequency of unwanted side effects. Therefore, the drug is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach, preferably before bedtime. Patients with rare hereditary problems such as Lapp lactase deficiency, galactose intolerance or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine. The drug can harm an unborn baby if used during the first trimester of pregnancy, so pregnant women should not take the drug until the possibility of pregnancy has been ruled out. Efavirenz has been shown to be partially excreted in human milk; however, there is insufficient evidence to support its effects in breastfed infants. It is recommended that women infected with HIV absolutely not breastfeed under any circumstances, in order to avoid the risk of HIV transmission to their babies. The drug can cause decreased concentration, drowsiness, dizziness, so patients should avoid performing dangerous jobs such as driving or operating machinery if they see the above signs. Together we have learned about the uses of Efavula as well as the most important information. In order for the process of using the drug to be convenient, safe and effective, the patient should take it according to the instructions and instructions of the doctor or pharmacist.
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