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Hormones are chemical substances that coordinate the activities of living organisms and their growth. They are secreted by special tissues in our body through endocrine glands. Some hormones work quickly to start or stop a process, others work continuously for a long time to carry out their functions. Hormones help the body with growth, development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, etc.
1. Thyroid hormones
The thyroid gland basically releases 2 hormones Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) , which help control our body's metabolism. Furthermore these hormones regulate weight, determine energy levels, internal body temperature, skin, hair, etc.2. Insulin
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, a leaf-shaped organ located in the abdomen behind the stomach. This hormone allows the body to use the sugar from the carbohydrates in the food we eat, convert it into energy or store it for later use. Insulin helps keep blood sugar from getting too high, i.e. hyperglycemia, or too low, i.e. hypoglycemia.
Insulin gây ức chế enzyme phosphorylase, khiến cho quá trình biến đổi glycogen thành glucose trở nên chậm
3. Estrogen
Estrogen is a sex hormone produced by the two ovaries in women and is responsible for reproduction, menstruation, and menopause. The excess of estrogen in the female body increases the risk of breast cancer, uterine cancer, depression, moodiness... Low estrogen levels in a woman's body lead to acne, skin lesions, thin skin, hair loss, ...Trắc nghiệm: Tìm hiểu về “bí mật” của các Hormone
Hormone hầu như quyết định tới toàn bộ các chức năng quan trọng của cơ thể. Nó “làm việc” miệt mài để phát tín hiệu và điều hòa sự hoạt động của các cơ quan trong cơ thể, mô cũng như tế bào nhất định. Để hiểu hơn về vai trò cũng như cách thức các hormone tác động lên cơ thể, bạn có thể làm bài trắc nghiệm sau đây.
Nguồn tham khảo: webmd.com
4. Progesterone
Progesterone is secreted in the ovaries in women, in the placenta when a woman has a baby, and in the adrenal glands. Progesterone stimulates and regulates many different functions such as the important role in maintaining pregnancy, helping the body prepare for conception and pregnancy, and regulating monthly cycles. When a woman is not pregnant, meaning conception has not occurred, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins. In addition, it is impossible not to mention the role of Progesterone in sexual desire.
Nồng độ progesterone thấp có thể gây hại cho phụ nữ theo nhiều cách khác nhau
5. Prolactin
Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland after the mother gives birth to a baby to make milk, so that the mother can breastfeed the baby. Prolactin levels increase during pregnancy, meaning that this hormone plays an important role in fertility by inhibiting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
6. Testosterone
As a male sex hormone, Testosterone is a natural anabolic steroid that helps in muscle gain. In men, it plays an important role in the development of male reproductive tissues; testicles and prostate gland. It also promotes secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and growth of body hair,... Lack of testosterone in men can lead to abnormalities including weakness and loss the bone.
7. Serotonin
Serotonin is a hormone that promotes emotions, also known as a natural "happy substance". This hormone is involved in learning and memory, sleep regulation, digestion, mood regulation, some muscle functions... Due to an imbalance of serotonin in the body, the brain does not produce enough of the hormone. subjects to regulate mood or stress levels. Low serotonin levels cause depression, migraines, weight gain, insomnia, cravings etc. Excess serotonin levels in the body cause agitation, episodes of confusion, drowsiness, ...
Serotonin là một chất trung gian hóa học quan trọng của hệ thần kinh trung ương
8. Cortisol
Produced in the adrenal gland, Cortisol keeps the body healthy and full of energy. Cortisol's main role is to manage physical and psychological stress. When the body is in a dangerous situation, the body will secrete cortisol to deal with the situation, it increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration... However, persistently high cortisol levels cause ulcers, increase blood pressure, anxiety disorders, high cholesterol levels... Similarly, low cortisol levels in the body cause alcoholism, problems with chronic fatigue syndrome,...
9. Adrenaline
The hormone adrenaline is secreted in the adrenal medulla and some central nervous system cells. It is also known as the emergency hormone because of its stimulating effect that causes people to think and react quickly to stress. It speeds up metabolism, as well as dilation of blood vessels going to the heart and brain. In stressful situations, adrenaline is rapidly released into the bloodstream, sending impulses to the organs to produce a specific response.10. Growth hormone
Hormone tăng trưởng nhằm cải thiện chiều cao cho trẻ
Growth hormone, or somatotropin hormone, is basically a 190 amino acid protein hormone synthesized and secreted by cells called somatotrophs located in the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates growth, cell regeneration, and metabolism. Growth hormone plays an important role in human development.
Hormones are the body's chemical messengers. They travel in our blood to tissues or organs to help these tissues or organs do their job. They work slowly, over time, and affect a variety of processes, including:
Growth and development Metabolism - how our bodies get energy from the food you eat Sexual function Reproduction Emotions Sometimes hormones are out of balance. That can lead to health problems like diabetes, weight gain or loss, infertility, weak bones, and more. If there are any endocrine-related abnormalities, see an endocrinologist who will help bring your body back into balance.
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Article referenced source: Hormone.org
