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Fosfomycin belongs to the group of antibiotics with bactericidal effect, ineffective against viral infections such as flu, colds,... Fosfomycin drug supports the treatment of urinary tract infections, skin infections, cystitis. optical, ... in women.
1. What is Fosfomycin?
What is Fosfomycin? Fosfomycin belongs to a group of drugs that inhibit the growth of parasites and prevent infections. The main ingredient is Fosfomycin sodium. Fosfomycin medicine has 2 main forms: Powder for injection, granules for oral solution with the following contents:
1g or 4g saline powder medicine vial with 1 tube of 10ml or 20ml distilled water for injection Package of 1g or 3g calcium powder Fosfomycin for oral preparation Oral effects of the antibiotic Fosfomycin:
Indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections when the disease has not yet appeared complications (acute cystitis). Indications for the treatment of non-urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria (skin, sinusitis, ENT,...). Intravenous effects of the antibiotic Fosfomycin:
Indications for the treatment of severe infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
2. How to use and dose Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin antibiotics cause drug resistance when used alone, patients should combine with antibiotics of other groups such as: Beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, chloramphenicol,...
2.1. How to use Fosfomycin Powder for oral preparation:
Dry drug should not be taken directly, must be mixed with cold water and then taken immediately: 3 g of the drug mixed with 90 - 120 ml of water. Absolutely do not mix Fosfomycin with hot water. Take the medicine before meals, during meals and after meals. Adults take a single daily dose of powdered medicine for injection (used in severe disease, combined with other suitable antibiotics):
Powder mixed with solvents for intravenous or intramuscular injection Dose of 1 time with at least 250 ml of 5% glucose solution or 0.9% sodium chloride solution 2.2. Dosage of Fosfomycin For adults:
Treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (acute cystitis): Take 3 g in a single dose. Treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria: Take 0.5-1 g every 8 hours. Treatment of severe infections caused by susceptible bacteria must be combined with other antibiotics: IV infusion 4 g / time, 4 hours apart. If the dose is 8g / day, then 2 infusions, each time 8 hours apart. For a dose of 12 g/day, there are 3 infusions, 4 hours apart. For children:
Treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria: 40 - 120 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Children over 12 years old intravenous infusion not more than 100-200 mg/kg per day. Other subjects:
Dialysis patients: Infuse about 2-4 g of drug after each dialysis session. Elderly patients: Dosage is the same as the elderly
3. Treatment of missed dose – Fosfomycin overdose
One of the things to keep in mind when taking Fosfomycin is that the patient must know how to handle a missed dose or an overdose.
3.1. Fosfomycin missed dose For oral Fosfomycin, if the patient forgets a dose within 1-2 hours, take it as soon as you remember. However, if the missed dose is close to the next dose of Fosfomycin, skip the missed dose and take the next dose as usual.
3.2. In case of Fosfomycin overdose In case of overdose of Fosfomycin injection, patients may experience symptoms: Drowsiness, electrolyte disturbances, decreased muscle tone, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,...
Now Patients need to stop taking the drug, notify the doctor or immediately go to a medical address so that the doctor can actively treat and remove toxins from the body.
4. Precautions when using Fosfomycin
In order to limit unwanted side effects occurring during the use of Fosfomycin antibiotics, patients should note the following issues:
Contraindicated using Fosfomycin antibiotics for patients with severe renal failure, inflammation kidney – pyelonephritis, perirenal abscess. Contraindications to the use of Fosfomycin for patients who are sensitive or allergic to the ingredients of the drug Do not use Fosfomycin for patients who are allergic to any other chemicals Do not use Fosfomycin for patients with heart disease. Before using Fosfomycin, patients should talk to their doctor if they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Fosfomycin passes into breast milk. Therefore, the drug should not be used while breastfeeding. If the drug must be taken, the mother should stop breastfeeding. For patients with liver disease, patients with asthma or with a history of asthma, the use of Fosfomycin must be prescribed and strictly adhered to by a qualified doctor/pharmacist. The risk of phlebitis or pain after injecting Fosfomycin, patients need to pay attention to this to notify the doctor/pharmacist immediately. Before using Fosfomycin, patients should discuss with their doctor if they are allergic to any drugs, especially metoclopramide, vitamins, cisapride, tetracycline, lincomycin, etc. .. These drugs reduce the concentration of Fosfomycin in urine and plasma.
5. Fosfomycin side effects
During the use of Fosfomycin, patients may face the following unwanted side effects:
Common side effects:
Digestive system: Patients with indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, ... Nervous system: Patients with neurasthenia, headache, dizziness,... For female reproductive system: Patients with menstrual disorders, vaginal infections,... Nasopharyngeal: Patients experience symptoms of pharyngitis, rhinitis,... For skin: Patients with skin rash Uncommon side effects:
Digestive system: Patient flatulence, vomiting, dry mouth, loss of appetite, constipation , abnormal stools,... For the nervous system: The patient appears flu syndrome, fever, somnolence, insomnia, muscle pain, migraine, paresthesia, nervous tension,... Urinary system: Patients with blood in urine, difficulty urinating,... For female reproductive system: Patients with irregular menstrual periods. For the ear: The patient has a hearing disorder. For skin: Patients with skin rash, skin dyschromia, skin itching,... Rare side effects:
For eyes: One side of the optic nerve is inflamed. For vessels - blood: Patients with aplastic anemia, angioedema,... For respiratory system: Patients with bronchial asthma For liver - digestion: Patients with toxic megacolon, liver necrosis, jaundice,... The above side effects can negatively affect human health. Therefore, patients need to use Fosfomycin exactly as prescribed by a specialist doctor/pharmacist. Absolutely do not arbitrarily buy Fosfomycin medicine without a prescription.
The article has summarized the notes when using the drug Fosfomycin. Hopefully the information in the article helps patients use the drug properly, at the right dose, and to limit side effects.
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