Metabolic features of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

This is an automatically translated article.

Articles are professionally approved by Master. Doctor Vu Thi Duyen - Doctor of Nephrology - Endocrinology - Department of Medical Examination of Vinmec Hai Phong International Hospital

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults or LADA diabetes is a very rare type of diabetes that does not fall within the usual classifications of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. pregnancy line. Currently, very few people are diagnosed with this type of diabetes because of the low rate and diagnosis requiring many immunological tests. The pathogenesis of this type of diabetes is due to the interweaving of clinical and biochemical manifestations as well as treatment methods, making LADA diabetes a metabolic disease of the most concern today.

1. What is LADA Diabetes?

LADA or type 1.5 diabetes is a late-onset autoimmune disease that often occurs in adults with symptoms very similar to type 2 diabetes. However, when tested, the disease has other symptoms. autoantibodies against pancreatic islets in the circulation such as type 1 diabetes, especially GADA autoantibodies, but do not require insulin treatment as soon as the disease is detected. After that, it can be treated with insulin.

2. Metabolic characteristics of LADA . diabetes

Type 1.5 diabetes, although not requiring immediate insulin therapy like type 1 diabetes, still requires insulin treatment earlier than type 2 diabetes. When the elderly patient has diabetes GADA-positive LADA individuals typically have low fasting test C-peptide levels and decreased C-peptide responsiveness to oral glucose. This insulin response is inversely correlated with GADA levels.
Initially, the difference between insulin secretion by beta cells and insulin sensitivity of body cells was not significant in patients with type 1.5 and 2 diabetes. Over time, however, a decline in beta-cell function becomes increasingly evident. However, patients with type 1.5 diabetes have a better metabolic capacity than patients with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, lower levels of triglycerides, higher levels of HDL-C and lower body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure were also lower. Higher levels of GADA also make patients with LADA diabetes less likely to have metabolic syndrome than patients with low GADA levels and patients with type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance in patients with LADA diabetes is higher healthy but less than or maybe equal to type 2 diabetics. This depends on body mass index (BMI). There have been a number of studies suggesting that treatment with Glitazones not only improves insulin sensitivity but also has anti-inflammatory properties, making it an option to slow the insulin-dependent progression of type 1.5 diabetes. Metformin drug group is a very good drug in controlling blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, there are very good results when we combine Metformin and insulin in the treatment of LADA diabetes.
This is an inborn autoimmune disease, so there is currently no way to prevent LADA from progressing like type 1 diabetes, it has genetic factors that may play a role. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment is the best way to avoid dangerous complications of the disease.
Currently, at Vinmec International General Hospital, there are programs to examine, screen and test for diabetes diagnosis. The entire process of examination, screening, determination of the condition and stage of the disease is carried out by experienced and well-trained specialists both at home and abroad. Besides, in order to improve service quality, in addition to fully equipped with the most modern facilities, at Vinmec, there are also packages of diabetes screening and hyperlipidemia so that customers can conveniently intensive examination and treatment.

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