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Along with the development of modern medicine, more and more people are concerned about medical conditions. These include diseases of the mediastinum, and especially diseases of the mediastinal lymph nodes. Do people really understand about the mediastinum, and the groups of mediastinal ganglia and its pathology? Find out through the following article.1. What is the mediastinum, where is it located on the body?
The mediastinum is a cavity located in the rib cage containing the following organs: the heart, thymus, trachea, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, thymus gland in children, phrenic nerve, large blood vessels like the aortaThe mediastinum is limited upper bound by the base of the neck, below by the diaphragm, anteriorly by the sternum, posteriorly by the spine. The mediastinum is divided into 4 parts:
The anterior mediastinum is bounded posteriorly by the pericardium, anteriorly by the sternum. The posterior mediastinum is limited posteriorly to the spine and anteriorly to the pericardium. The superior mediastinum is bounded above by the base of the neck, below by the plane passing through the base of the heart The middle mediastinum consists of the heart and the pericardium. The mediastinum is a very important part of the body, it contains extremely important organs, helping to maintain each person's life.
Trắc nghiệm: Thử hiểu biết của bạn về hạch bạch huyết
Hạch bạch huyết có vai trò quan trọng trong hệ miễn dịch của cơ thể. Bài trắc nghiệm dưới đây giúp bạn hiểu phần nào vai trò và chức năng của hạch bạch huyết.
Bài dịch từ: webmd.com
2. What is the lymph node of the mediastinum and how many groups of mediastinal lymph nodes are there?
Mediastinal lymph node is one of the types of lymph nodes located in the mediastinal cavity. Like other lymph nodes, the mediastinal lymph nodes have an immune function for the body. When there is an infection, the lymph nodes may become abnormally enlarged.Mediastinal nodes can simply be divided into high and low nodes. The lymph nodes are superior to the neck and chest, extending down to the upper limit of the left pulmonary artery. The inferior mediastinal nodes are found in the lower thoracic cavity, near the base of the lung.
From a medical perspective, people are divided into 13 groups of lymph nodes, including:
Low cervical, supraclavicular, and sternal nodes High paratracheal nodes Anterior vascular nodes Posttracheal group Right low paratracheal nodes Paratracheal nodes lower left aortic window lymph node paraaortic lymph node paratracheal lymph node pulmonary ligament lymph node para hilar lymph node interlobular lymph node grouping of mediastinum lymph nodes as above will make it convenient for radiation therapists treatment in cases of patients with lymphoma requiring radiation therapy.
Hạch trung thất là một trong các loại hạch bạch huyết nằm ở trong khoang trung thất
3. Pathologies of the nodes in the mediastinum
Mediastinal lymphadenitis, there are 3 types: acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, granulitis: Most of these conditions are caused by infections caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites,... Common clinical symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes, which may redden the skin on the mediastinum, causing abscesses.Reactive lymph node hyperplasia: This disease causes the lymph nodes to increase in size by proliferation of one or more components of the lymph node in response to antigenic stimuli. These are usually benign, reversible lesions. There are four types of nodal hyperplasia: cystic hyperplasia, paracortical hyperplasia, sinus hyperplasia, and mixed hyperplasia.
Primary cancer of mediastinal lymph nodes: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm with the appearance of Reed-Sternberg cells Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arises from a malignant transformation cell of any type. At any stage in the process of proliferation and differentiation of B or T cells Mediastinal lymph node metastasis is the most common site of metastasis in cancer cells, including mediastinal lymph nodes. Cancer cells from other organs come and metastasize in the mediastinal lymph nodes, creating this pathology.
Through the knowledge that we share, we hope that everyone has understood more about the mediastinum and its ganglion groups, so that they can have a deeper understanding of it and related pathological conditions.
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