Indicators that show you have type 2 diabetes

This is an automatically translated article.

The article is professionally consulted by Master, Doctor Vu Thi Duyen - Doctor of Nephrology - Endocrinology - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Hai Phong International General Hospital. The doctor has more than 11 years of experience in medical examination and treatment of general internal medicine, especially has strengths in examination and treatment specialized in nephrology - Endocrinology.
The glycemic index is the term used to refer to the concentration of glucose in the blood. Blood glucose levels are not always stable, but vary from day to day, even hour to hour, minute to minute. The glycemic index is an important parameter in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

1. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Glucose (also known as sugar) is the main source of energy that nourishes the body and is converted from the foods we provide to the body every day. In human blood, there is always a certain amount of blood sugar to ensure adequate energy supply for daily activities:
90 - 130 mg/dl (ie 5 - 7.2 mmol/l) at the time before meal. Less than 180 mg/dl (ie 10 mmol/l) at the time of eating about 1-2 hours. 100 - 150 mg/l (ie 6 - 8.3 mmol/l) at bedtime. So how much is type 2 diabetes. This is a question many people want to know and care about.
If the fasting glucose index (within 8 hours since the last meal) is 126 mg/dl (7 mmol/l) or higher, it indicates that you have diabetes. Note that you need to measure 2 times in a row to get more accurate results because sometimes these parameters have inconsistent up and down fluctuations. If the fasting glucose level is in the range (5.6 - 6.9 mmol/l), you are in the fasting blood sugar disorder or pre-diabetes stage. If you are in this index range, you need to have a suitable treatment plan, avoid serious illness and then treat because it is both ineffective and costly.

2. Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes

2.1. Subjects with high risk factors for type 2 diabetes are over 45 years old. BMI is 23 or more. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or/and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg. Family history of diabetes in the next generation (father, mother, brother, sister, biological child with type 2 diabetes). A history of being diagnosed with diseases such as metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes. Women with a special history of pregnancy (gestational diabetes, giving birth to a large-weight baby over 4000 grams, multiple spontaneous abortions or stillbirth ...) People with dyslipidemia; especially when HDL-C is below 0.9 mmol/l and Triglyceride is above 2.2 mmol/l.

2.2. Diagnosing type 2 diabetes Important diabetes indicators in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes include:
The Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) test, which measures blood glucose over a long period of time, can determine the amount of blood sugar. The patient's average blood sugar over the past three months. When the hemoglobin A1C is higher, it means that the blood sugar level will be higher and indicates poor blood sugar control. When HbA1C is greater than or equal to 6.5 %, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is confirmed.
When HbA1C is between 5.7% and 6.4%, the diagnosis is confirmed as pre-diabetes.
Fasting blood sugar test is done when the patient fasts overnight for at least 8 to 10 hours, if this index is higher or equal to 7 mmol/l through 2 tests, the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is confirmed. . When fasting blood glucose is above 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/l, prediabetes is diagnosed.
Random blood glucose test or any random performance to diagnose type 2 diabetes when greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/l. Postprandial blood sugar or anything between 7.8 and 11 mmol/l is prediabetes.
The 75 mg oral glucose tolerance test is performed when the patient has fasted overnight. The patient will drink 75 g of glucose, then measure the blood sugar 2 hours after drinking, thereby making a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. If the result is greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/l, the diagnosis is confirmed. This test is also used to diagnose gestational diabetes. Vinmec International General Hospital is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its examination and consulting services. and comprehensive, professional medical treatment; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space. Customers when choosing to perform tests here can be completely assured of the accuracy of test results.

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Article referenced source: Ministry of Health