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Colon cancer is the 4th leading cause of death in the world after lung cancer, stomach cancer and liver cancer with a mortality rate of up to 70%. However, when the disease is detected at an early stage, the rate cure up to 90%. So how to reduce the risk of colon cancer? Here is the advice of the Master's advice. Dr. Quach Thanh Dung, Radiation Oncology Center - Vinmec Times City International Hospital.1. The main stages of colon cancer.
Stage 0: This is the earliest stage, also called carcinoma in situ. Cancer cells remain in the lining, or inner lining of the colon or rectum. Stage 1: The cancer has grown through the lining and has spread to the submucosa or muscular layer of the bowel wall, but has not spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. Stage 2: Cancer has grown through the muscle layer to the serosa, but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes. Stage 3: The cancer has invaded nearby lymph nodes, but it has not yet affected other parts of the body. Stage 4: Cancer has invaded other organs of the body, such as the lungs, liver, peritoneum, or ovaries. Recurrence: The cancer recurs after treatment fails. It can come back and affect the rectum, colon, or another part of the body.2. Risk signs of colon cancer:
Long-term digestive disorders: common such as pain in the abdomen before or after eating, abdominal cramps or dullness. Anorexia, indigestion, bloating. Having a bowel movement several times a day resembles the symptoms of dysentery. Unexplained weight loss Fecal excretion disorders: apple defecation, erratic loose stools, this condition lasts for a long time, patients have cramping pain, straining, discomfort when defecating. Stools thin and narrow compared to normal: can be as thin as a pencil or shaped like rice leaves due to stool passing through the tumor, need to be vigilant. Presence of blood in the stool: There may be dark or bright red blood in the stool. Fatigue and weakness: this is the most overlooked symptom. In addition to the above symptoms, when the cancer is at a late stage and has metastasized to other organs, there may be symptoms such as: palpable tumor under the skin of the abdomen, jaundice, growing abdomen, cough, shortness of breath, bone pain...3. Tests to diagnose colon cancer
Your doctor will first examine you and assess your health. After that, you will be assigned some of the following tests:Colonoscopy: With a small endoscope attached to a flexible scope, the doctor will observe the entire interior of the colon. Before that, you will have to have an enema to clean the stool before having a medical examination. Endoscopy may or may not be sedated. A scan takes about 30 minutes. Biopsy: During the procedure, the doctor may remove a small piece of tissue and send it down to the pathology department. The pathologist will stain and look under the microscope for signs of cancer. Tests to see if the cancer has spread:
Chest X-ray : A chest X-ray can see if the disease has spread to the lungs. CT (tomography) : A CT scan with contrast injection can show whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or other organs such as liver, lungs... MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): possible MRI scan to evaluate brain metastasis, bone metastasis... PET- CT: this is a modern test. The patient is injected with a radioactive isotope and undergoes a full-body scan to detect whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or other organs, helping to diagnose the stage of the disease for appropriate treatment. Some cancer markers such as: CEA, CA 19-9 to monitor during treatment.
Các xét nghiệm để chẩn đoán ung thư đại tràng
4. What do you need to do to prevent colon cancer?
Healthy eating habits:Red meats are considered to be closely related to colon cancer, fried foods, grilled foods, bacon, ham, protein will increase cancer-causing factors. Eating a lot of meat, fat, and low-fiber protein easily leads to obesity and has a high risk of causing colon cancer. A high-fiber diet (green vegetables, fruits) helps reduce this risk because fiber helps increase folic acid consumption, reducing stool retention time. Alcohol and drugs are also very important risk factors for colon cancer Maintaining a healthy weight
Physical activity, movement or regular exercise reduces the risk of cancer colon letter.
Regular health check-ups, colon cancer screening
Regular colon cancer screening will be the most effective method to protect our health against this dangerous cancer. Currently, Vinmec has been a leading medical facility in the field of colon cancer detection and screening.
3. Why should colon cancer screening and treatment in Vinmec?
As the first health system in Vietnam to have an international general hospital that meets JCI global medical standards, Vinmec has been trying to master modern methods and techniques for detection, screening and treatment. colon cancer treatment.In particular, Vinmec Oncology Department is the first Oncology Department in Vietnam to be fully equipped with cancer treatment modalities: From surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, treatment pain and palliative care.
The diagnosis is made carefully: Blood tests, X-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, myelogram, myelogram, biopsy, immunohistochemistry, diagnosis by biopsy molecular science.
The process of treating cancer, including colorectal cancer, is closely coordinated with many specialties: Center for Diagnostic Imaging, Laboratory Testing, Cardiology, Stem Cells and Technology genes; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Rehabilitation, Department of Psychology, Department of Nutrition, Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care.
Vinmec trang bị đầy đủ các mô thức điều trị ung thư: Từ phẫu thuật, xạ trị, hoá trị, ghép tế bào gốc tạo máu, điều trị đau và chăm sóc giảm nhẹ
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