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A subdural hematoma is usually caused by head trauma. This is a serious illness and requires emergency treatment. CT scan may show subdural hematoma. The patient may need surgery to remove the hematoma. Many people with small amounts of subdural hematomas make a quick and complete recovery.1. Definition and classification of subdural hematoma
Subdural hematomas can be acute (rapid onset) or chronic (slowly progressive).
An acute subdural hematoma is a hematoma between the dura mater and the cerebral cortex. Caused by damage to the glomerular veins or by superficial cortical veins or venous sinuses. Subdural hematoma accounts for a high mortality rate, leaving severe sequelae.
Chronic subdural hematoma is a hematoma that forms in the subdural space for a long time (minimum 3 weeks). It usually occurs as a result of a blow or concussion to the head that injures and causes bleeding from a blood vessel near or in the subdural space. Blood collects in this subdural space, gradually accumulating, compressing the brain parenchyma. Head trauma and impact can be very minor, leaving the person unnoticed to cause a post-traumatic subdural hematoma.
Máu tụ dưới màng cứng là một bệnh nặng và cần điều trị cấp cứu khẩn cấp
2. People at high risk of chronic subdural hematoma
In older people, the blood vessels in the cerebral cortex become weaker, making them more susceptible to damage and bleeding. On the other hand, with age, the brain shrinks, causing the distance between the brain parenchyma and the skull to increase, which stretches the blood vessels, and when the head is injured, it makes them more susceptible to damage and bleeding. . People who are on anticoagulation therapy are also at increased risk of developing a subdural hematoma following a head injury due to a dysfunction in blood clotting. For alcoholics, the blood clotting function is often disturbed, the brain atrophys faster and earlier than normal. In addition, alcoholics often fall, so they are more prone to head injuries than the average person. Therefore, alcoholics also have an increased risk of developing a subdural hematoma following trauma.
3. Danger of subdural hematoma after trauma
The cause of chronic subdural hematoma is usually due to a mild head injury, the signs are not clear and do not appear immediately, so the patient is subjective and does not go to the doctor. The thing to pay attention to with this disease is the confusion of the patient when thinking that the condition is a medical disease such as a cerebrovascular accident and will go to an internal medicine clinic. Chronic subdural hematoma, if not detected and treated promptly, can be life-threatening.
Hình ảnh CT Scan trên bệnh nhân bị tụ máu dưới màng cứng
Clinical symptoms are often atypical, easily missed on examination, appear from 3 weeks to several months after an injury:
Headache with varying degrees of severity, pain continuously increasing gradually taking medication to reduce common pain has no effect Weakness or hemiplegia, paralysis is not completely uneven, heterogeneous Some cases have vomiting, confusion, sluggishness, lethargy, confusion, worse, coma , dilated pupils even death if not treated promptly Subdural hematoma after trauma is very dangerous, it is necessary to prevent the disease by walking carefully, avoiding the risk of falling and causing head injury. If the patient is taking anticoagulants, they should go to the doctor and have regular blood tests to control the correct dose of the drug.
Alcoholics should seek help at alcohol cessation counseling centers to ensure their own health and a good quality of life. People at high risk should seek medical care at specialized hospitals when having minor head injuries, so that they can be detected in time.
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