Find out about Progesterone supplements

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Progesterone supplements whose main ingredient is Progesterone. This medication is used to treat women with vaginal bleeding due to dysfunction of the uterus. Besides, the drug is also used to prevent the risk of miscarriage or premature birth, protect the fetus and develop mammary glands.

1. What is Progesterone Supplement?

1.1. Pharmacokinetics of Progesterone Supplements Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is mainly secreted from the corpus luteum in the second half of a woman's menstrual cycle. It is the primary prototype of the progestin group (also known as the progesterone group) consisting of several natural or chemically synthetic hormones that share some of the pharmacological effects of progesterone. Progesterone is formed from steroid precursors found in the ovaries, testes, adrenal cortex, and placenta. The luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the synthesis and secretion of progesterone to form the corpus luteum.
Progesterone has the effect of making eggs nest and is essential for maintaining pregnancy. The hormone is excreted in high concentrations in the second half of pregnancy. At the same time, with the full amount of endogenous estrogen secreted in a normal woman, progesterone will cause the endometrium to proliferate into the secretory phase (luteal phase). Progesterone is often a sudden decrease in secretion at the end of the menstrual cycle, which is the main cause of the onset of menstruation. At the same time, Progesterone also works to reduce and thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to penetrate. Progesterone also has the effect of slightly increasing body temperature during the secretory phase of menstruation. On the other hand, Progesterone also has the effect of stimulating the growth of breast follicles and relaxing the smooth muscle in the uterus.
With many important effects mentioned above, the deficiency of progesterone will cause many very serious consequences such as: menstrual disorders, negative effects on the fetus or miscarriage, ... Therefore, you need to Use Progesterone supplements when the body is deficient to ensure health.
1.2. Pharmacokinetics of Progesterone Supplements Absorption: Progesterone supplements are rapidly absorbed after any route of administration. Distribution: Progesterone supplements are highly bound to serum proteins (96-99%), mainly to serum albumin and to corticosteroid binding globulin. Metabolism and Elimination: The plasma half-life is 5 minutes and small amounts are transiently stored in body fat. Progesterone has no significant oral effect due to extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism. In the liver, Progesterone supplements are converted to pregnandiol and bound to glucuronic acid and excreted in the urine as pregnanediol glucuronide.

2. Effects of Progesterone Supplements

Progesterone supplements are indicated for use in the following cases:
2.1. Orally: Disorders related to progesterone deficiency, are in the following cases:
Premenstrual syndrome; Irregular menstrual periods caused by ovulation disorders or failure to ovulate; Benign breast disease, pain in the breast; The duration of perimenopause in women; Hormone replacement therapy during menopause (in addition to estrogen therapy). 2.2. Vaginal route: Replacement of progesterone hormone in cases of complete progesterone deficiency in women who have undergone ovary removal (oocyte donation program); Supplementing the luteal phase in in vitro fertilization (FIV); Supplementation of the luteal phase in spontaneous or induced cycles, in cases of poor fertility or primary or secondary infertility especially due to an ovulatory disorder; In the case of threatened abortion or prophylaxis in the case of consecutive miscarriages due to luteal insufficiency, up to the 12th week after amenorrhea; In all other indications of Progesterone supplements, the vaginal route is used as an alternative to the oral route in the following cases: adverse effects of progesterone (drowsiness after taking the drug), contraindications Take orally (people with liver disease). 2.3. By injection The drug used by injection can be Progesterone 500mg or Progesterone 25mg. The drug is indicated in the treatment of diseases as follows:
Used to treat secondary amenorrhea; Support to improve infertility in women; Support to improve uterine cancer, submucosal fibroids; The effect of supporting embryo implantation and early pregnancy; The effect of supporting the treatment of uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance; Helps to prevent endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women; Effective in improving disorders caused by deficiency of Progesterone levels such as: menstrual disorders, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea...; Use for women who threaten to miscarry or are at risk of miscarriage.

3. Undesirable effects of Progesterone supplements

3.1. When taken by mouth: A feeling of drowsiness or a feeling of dizziness has sometimes occurred in some people 1 to 3 hours after taking Progesterone by mouth. In this case, you can reduce the dose or change the way of using the drug: take 2 tablets of 100mg or 1 tablet of 200mg at night at bedtime, for 12 to 14 days for each treatment cycle or switch to vaginal route. . Shorten your menstrual cycle or cause vaginal bleeding between periods. In this case, the doctor usually prescribes oral progesterone to start the treatment later in the cycle. The undesirable effects mentioned above often occur when using an overdose of oral Progesterone supplements. 3.2. When administered vaginally: No cases of intolerance to the topical drug (such as burning, itching, burning, or discharge) were reported in clinical studies. No systemic adverse effects, particularly somnolence or dizziness, were observed in clinical studies at recommended doses. 3.3. When used by injection: During the use of Progesterone injection, you may experience some unwanted side effects of the drug. Symptoms may include: shortness of breath, rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, facial swelling, dizziness, light-headedness, hot flashes, vaginal itching and dryness...

4. How to use and dose Progesterone

4.1. When taken by mouth: On average in cases of progesterone deficiency, the dose is 200 to 300 mg of Progesterone orally per day, divided into 2 times, in the morning and in the evening. You should take the medicine away from the meal or in the evening before going to bed. In luteal insufficiency (premenstrual syndrome, benign breast disease, menstrual disorders, perimenopause): 200-300mg of Progesterone pill orally per day and taken continuously for 10 days for each cycle, usually starting from day one. 17th to 26th day. In menopausal hormone replacement therapy: estrogen therapy alone is not recommended (due to the risk of endothelial hyperplasia): 200mg of a progesterone supplement daily in the evening at bedtime, 12 to 14 days per month, or the last 2 weeks of each treatment cycle, then discontinue all alternative therapies for about 1 week, during which time vaginal bleeding may occur due to hormone deficiency. For the above indications, it is possible to use the vaginal route at the same dose as the oral route, in case people are suffering from liver disease and/or have unwanted effects caused by progesterone use (drowsiness). after taking the drug). 4.2. When used vaginally: The way to use is to place a progesterone supplement capsule deep in the vagina. Progesterone replacement in cases of complete progesterone deficiency in women who have undergone oophorectomy (oocyte donation): In addition to estrogen therapy: 100 mg of progesterone supplementation on day 13 and day 14 of cycle transition period, then put 100mg each morning and evening from day 15 to 25th day of cycle. From day 26 and in the case of initiation of pregnancy, the dose is increased by 100 mg of the progesterone supplement daily to eventually reach a maximum therapeutic dose of 600 mg divided into 3 divided doses during the day. Maintain the dose until the 60th day, and at the latest until the 12th week of pregnancy. Supplementation for the luteal phase during in vitro fertilization (IVF): the recommended therapeutic dose is 400-600 mg of progesterone supplement per day starting on the day of hCG injection and continuing until the 12th week of pregnancy. In addition to the luteal phase during spontaneous or induced cycles, in cases of poor fertility or primary or secondary infertility, especially due to ovulation disorders: the recommended dose is 200-300mg Progesterone supplements every day, starting on day 17 of the cycle, for 10 days and restarted as soon as possible in the event that a period is absent and pregnancy is diagnosed. Threatened miscarriage or prevention of recurrent miscarriages caused by luteal insufficiency: the recommended dose is 200-400mg of progesterone supplements per day, divided into 2 divided doses a day. 4.3. When used by injection For the dose of Progesterone injection, it depends on the type of disease and the case that needs treatment. Doctors may prescribe Progesterone 500mg injection or Progesterone 25mg injection. You need to consult your doctor. You can refer to some therapeutic doses as follows:
Infertility treatment: Use a dose of 5-10mg of Progesterone injection / time / day for intramuscular injection, used for about 6-8 days. In case of uterine bleeding: Use intramuscular dose of 5-10mg of Progesterone intramuscularly 6 doses per day.

5. Interactions of Progesterone Supplements

Progesterone supplements block the effects of bromocriptin. Causes of increased plasma concentrations of cyclosporin. Laboratory tests of liver function and endocrine function may be misleading.

6. Notes when using Progesterone supplements

6.1. Contraindicated when using Progesterone Supplements Progesterone supplements are contraindicated in the following cases:
Hypersensitivity or sensitivity to Progesterone, unexplained vaginal bleeding, incomplete miscarriage, history thromboembolism, breast or genital cancer, thrombophlebitis, cerebral hemorrhage, obvious liver failure. Used as a diagnostic test for pregnancy. 6.2. Use caution when using Progesterone supplements must be used carefully for people with high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, epilepsy,... can make the disease worse because of fluid retention People with a history of depression mental illness, diabetes, mild to moderate hepatic impairment, acute porphyria, episodic migraine or photosensitization. When using this medicine, if you have partial or complete loss of vision, sudden or gradual unexplained, bulging or double vision, papilledema, retinal blood vessel damage, or migraine occurs during treatment, stop using the drug immediately and make the appropriate diagnosis and treatment measures. Ability to drive and use machines: Because Progesterone supplements can cause drowsiness, you should not drive and use machines after taking the drug. Pregnancy: Progesterone supplements can be used to maintain pregnancy when there is not enough endogenous progesterone produced from the corpus luteum. At the same time, the pill already contains progesterone which is like a natural hormone, and it does not combine with the transformation of a male fetus in a female fetus like synthetic progestins. Lactation: Progesterone detected in breast milk. Because the effect of parenteral progesterone supplements on the nursing infant has not been established, progesterone supplements should not be used while breastfeeding.

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