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Tuberculosis causes many dangers and seriously affects the patient's life. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients need to be treated and cared for with a special diet and a reasonable rest time to recover quickly.
1. Nutritional principles for TB patients
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a tuberculosis virus called mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB bacteria can cause disease on any part of the body such as lungs, bones, joints, brain, intestines,... In which, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common, accounting for 80-85% and is the source of infection for people. around. When the virus attacks, the patient will suffer damage that causes fatigue, continuous cough, decreased immune system, weak resistance leading to anorexia, malnutrition and weight loss. Therefore, correct and sufficient nutritional supplementation for TB patients is a very important issue. Proper nutrition not only improves the effectiveness of treatment but also quickly restores health.
The principles to be noted in formulating a nutritional regimen for TB patients include:
Additional energy for the body must be adapted to the body, which means it must be suitable for the patient's BMI. In case if the patient is thin and weak, it is necessary to supplement nutrition to achieve a BMI greater than 18.5. If the patient is in a stable condition, the amount of supplementary food does not need to be changed. Food in each meal needs to meet all four food groups including: protein, sugar, vitamins and mineral salts. In addition, it is recommended to add sugar in ripe fruits to help detoxify the liver and minimize the side effects of the drug. Food for patients needs to be changed every day so that they can easily absorb enough nutrients and eat better. SEE ALSO: Common sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis
2. What should TB patients eat every day?
2.1 Mineral supplements
Zinc: is an essential element for blood clotting and has the effect of slowing down skin aging, speeding up wound healing and balancing the immune system. During treatment, tuberculosis patients may develop zinc deficiency due to the effects of the drug leading to loss of appetite and weakened immune system. In the daily diet, zinc should be added to foods such as seafood, lean pork, peas, egg yolks,... Iron: is an important substance that makes up the hemoglobin component of red blood cells and It is an integral part of the cell nucleus. Tuberculosis patients often suffer from iron deficiency anemia, so for iron supplementation as well as prevention, patients need a diet rich in iron. Foods containing a lot of iron in the diet such as shiitake mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, egg yolks, etc. Foods high in potassium: play a role in promoting healthy cells and reducing bleeding. Foods containing potassium such as green vegetables, potatoes, bamboo shoots, vegetable oils, liver,... The role of foods rich in selenium is to remove toxic substances, reactivate the enzyme system such as milk, sesame, soybeans, chili,...
Bổ sung thực phẩm giàu sắt đem lại dinh dưỡng cho bệnh nhân lao
2.2 Add fiber
Fiber is an indispensable component in the diet of tuberculosis patients. Fiber plays a role in helping patients balance the intestinal flora, improving digestive problems such as constipation and diarrhea. Foods with a lot of fiber such as green vegetables, vegetables, fruits, cheese,...
2.3 Fortification of vitamins
Vitamins are an important and indispensable substance in the daily menu. Tuberculosis patients need to supplement some of the following vitamins:Vitamins A, E, C are substances that play a very important role in the human body. They help the body strengthen the immune system, thereby avoiding infection and oxidation. Foods that contain a variety of vitamins A, C, and E include: lean pork, chicken, beef, liver, sea fish, green vegetables,... Vitamin K and B vitamins: Due to the digestive tract of the patient is damaged, leading to poor absorption of nutrients, causing vitamin K and vitamin B deficiency. The result of this deficiency can interfere with blood clotting, reduce immune system function, or cause peripheral neuritis, etc.
2.4 Reference menu for pulmonary tuberculosis patients for 1 day
Breakfast: should use light, easy-to-eat foods such as porridge, pho, noodles, vermicelli, a little soft fruit,... Besides, the patient can drink more coconut water to rehydrate and mineral salts. fast to the body. Lunch: Increase protein-rich dishes such as chicken, swan, duck, pig, etc. Besides, the patient needs to add to the menu a lot of green vegetables and vegetables. Afternoon: should eat foods that eliminate toxins quickly such as tomatoes, fish, tofu, ...
Bệnh lao ăn gì để tốt nhất?
3. What should TB patients avoid?
TB patients need to abstain from certain foods to reduce prolonged fever, night sweats, nervous disorders,... Besides, these foods will make the patient cough more and persistent, may produce bloody sputum, reducing the effectiveness of the drug and increasing harmful side effects.
Spicy and hot foods such as: chili, pepper, canola powder, ginger,... Stimulants such as: tobacco, pipe tobacco, alcohol, coffee, tea,... Processed foods Ready-made, greasy,.... In short, a reasonable diet will help patients recover quickly. Nutrition of tuberculosis patients should also be consulted under the advice of the doctor treating directly. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the cleanliness of the living environment. Patients should not spit indiscriminately to avoid spreading TB bacilli to people around.
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