This is an automatically translated article.
The article was written by Specialist Doctor II Phan Phi Tuan - Head of General Surgery Department, Department of General Surgery - Vinmec Phu Quoc International General Hospital.Burn is a common injury, acute in nature, which should be treated immediately at the scene of the burn, at the grassroots level and at the burn centers. Each gland has a different role, but what works for burn patients. Therefore, which medical route to treat burns to what extent needs to be considered.
1. At the scene of the burn: Perform first aid
Quickly remove the victim from the cause of the burn: put out the fire, turn off the power, take off the burning clothes, ... Soak or splash water on the patient's burned area for about 15 minutes. Prevention of shock: give plenty of water if the patient is awake, take urgent measures such as artificial respiration, chest compressions when necessary. Temporary bandage for burn wounds. Urgently transfer the patient to a medical facility.
2. Primary care: First aid and general treatment
Emergency and resuscitation of burn shock and other acute complications such as multiple injuries, associated life-threatening injuries. Early treatment of injury, diagnosis of area and depth of burn injury. Conduct emergency surgeries and procedures such as necrotic incision, amputation, tracheostomy, suturing to stop bleeding, immobilization. broken limb......
Hình 1: Rạch hoại tử bỏng
Patient classification: If the burn is mild, superficial (S < 10% for adults, S < 5% for children), without comorbidities or severe combined lesions, treatment at the muscle level can be withheld. department. Adults with deep burns S < 5% and have a burn specialist can withhold treatment.
Children with deep burns, even if the area is small, should be referred to a burn specialist. For severe burns, deep burns S > 5% or a combination of burns in special locations such as burns of eyes, hands, genitals, respiratory and digestive burns, referral to a specialist is required.
Treatment at the grassroots medical level:
If the hospital does not have a burn department, when treating burns, it is necessary to have a separate dressing room and dressing room to avoid infection of the burn wound. The dressing room should have dressings changed, drugs to handle burning agents such as chemical burns, electrical burns, if possible, it should be organized into 1 room for severe patients and 1 room for light patients.
When the patient is still in shock, they should be treated in the emergency department. When the shock is out, they will be transferred to the inpatient ward.
Changing the bandage in a burn needs good pain relief, a pre-anesthetic drug can be used, but changing the type of analgesia avoids addiction because it takes a very long time to change the dressing.
Burn surgery ; Excision of burns, skin grafting when indicated.
3. At specialized burn facilities
Treatment of severe burns, burns of special organs (eyes, hands, genitals, respiratory burns, digestive burns ...). Implement intensive treatment activities for burns. Burn surgery. Post-burn rehabilitation physiotherapy. Medical assessment of burns.
4. Outpatient treatment
Patients are treated as outpatients when the following factors are simultaneously satisfied:
I, II degree burns under < 5% body area. No burns in special organs. No CO poisoning, chemicals. No complicated comorbidities. There were no serious complications such as bacterial burn infection. Patients undergoing outpatient treatment should absolutely follow the doctor's advice and re-examine immediately when there are abnormal symptoms such as: fever, pus discharge from burns, poor appetite, little urination..... General Hospital Vinmec International is one of the hospitals that not only ensures professional quality with a team of leading doctors, modern equipment and technology, but also stands out for its comprehensive medical examination, consultation and treatment services. representative, professional; civilized, polite, safe and sterile medical examination and treatment space.
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