1. Causes of brown discharge during pregnancy
Physiological discharge is a clear, thin white fluid secreted by the vagina. As it is a normal function of a healthy vagina, it is an unnecessary concern. Women may notice changes in the texture, smell, and color of vaginal discharge.
Pregnancy causes various changes in the woman’s body, including changes in discharge corresponding to the stages of pregnancy.
1.1. Brown discharge in early pregnancy
The brown color of discharge is usually from blood. As the blood is exposed to the air, the oxidization turns its color from a dark red to a brown. Research shows that bleeding is not uncommon in the first trimester of pregnancy.
While brown discharge can be normal in early pregnancy, it is advisable to see a doctor for additional tests to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby. This can help provide reassurance and allow for prompt treatment if any complications arise.
Implantation bleeding
Light bleeding can occur very early in pregnancy as the embryo implants in the lining of the uterus. It can appear as a light brown discharge.
Hormonal changes
A pregnant woman's body goes through many changes in a short period. The increase in hormones that occurs during pregnancy increases blood flow to the reproductive organs.
In some women, this can make the cervix particularly sensitive. Stimulation of the cervix during sex or even a vaginal examination can cause bleeding, resulting in brown discharge during pregnancy.
Ectopic Pregnancy
A less common but serious cause of brown discharge during the first trimester is an ectopic pregnancy.
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the uterus, such as in the fallopian tube or a previous surgical incision. An ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include various levels of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Women may experience pain on one side or throughout the abdomen.
As fertilized eggs have difficulty surviving outside the uterus, most ectopic pregnancies result in miscarriage. If untreated, an ectopic pregnancy can cause serious complications. Any woman who suspects she has an ectopic pregnancy should seek medical immediately.
1.2. Later in pregnancy
During the third trimester, brown discharge can indicate that labor is approaching or that there are complications.
Bloody discharge
Brown discharge in the final days of pregnancy can be a sign of labor. It may be tinged with pink, red, or brown blood and accompanied by mucus. Besides, it is not the only type of vaginal discharge to watch out for in late pregnancy, as there may be cervical mucus during this time.
Preterm labor
Bleeding that occurs later but before week 37 can be a sign of preterm labor. Other symptoms include back pain, frequent uterine contractions, and ruptured water. Anyone who may be in preterm labor should seek medical attention immediately.
Placenta previa
Placenta previa occurs when part of the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. A small number of women with placenta previa may not have any symptoms, but others may experience varying degrees of vaginal bleeding later in pregnancy as the uterus gradually increases in size.
Since placenta previa can lead to complications during labor, so, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
1.3. Signs during pregnancy
Some causes leading to brown discharge during pregnancy can occur at any time during pregnancy.
Cervical polyps
Increased blood flow around the cervix during pregnancy can cause growths called polyps. If the cervix is irritated, having sex, or having a vaginal examination, the cervical polyps can bleed.
Many doctors recommend not removing polyps during pregnancy unless they cause significant discomfort or interfere with the pregnancy. One study noted that removing polyps during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth or miscarriage.
Miscarriage
In some cases, brown discharge during pregnancy can also be a sign of miscarriage, or stillbirth. However, this is usually not the only symptom. Other symptoms to look out for include: uterine contractions, severe abdominal pain, fatigue, and a sudden loss of pregnancy symptoms.
The brown discharge can progress to more bloody discharge and can turn into bleeding similar to menstruation.
Anyone experiencing these symptoms should contact their doctor promptly.
2. When to see a doctor
Brown discharge during pregnancy without other symptoms is common and is usually not a cause for concern. However, discharge accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain, uterine contractions, or fever, can be a sign of related conditions.
Pregnant women who notice changes in their discharge, along with other uncomfortable symptoms, should contact their doctor. So, the doctor can then treat any problems early to prevent complications.
To diagnose the underlying cause of brown discharge during pregnancy, doctors first ask about the symptoms the pregnant woman is experiencing.
Then the doctor may perform various tests to check the health of the woman and the fetus. A pelvic exam can help identify signs of irritation that are causing the brown discharge. Besides, the doctor may also take a sample of discharge from the cervix to check for infection or other problems. An ultrasound can help identify other problems, including an ectopic pregnancy, or simply ensure the health and viability of the fetus.
The treatment will depend on the cause of the brown discharge, the stage of pregnancy, and the health of both the pregnant woman and the developing fetus.
Some treatments for different causes include:
- Antibiotics in case of infection
- Avoid sexual activity
- Surgery in ectopic pregnancy
- Increased bed rest
- Cesarean section
It is important to determine the cause before applying any treatment.
Some causes of brown discharge during pregnancy are normal, it is important to pay attention to other accompanying symptoms. Whenever other symptoms appear, such as uterine contractions, or fever, you should see a doctor. Diagnosing the cause can take time, but it is important to address the underlying problem and ensure the health of the woman and fetus.
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