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Posted by Specialist Doctor I Dang Thi Ngoc Chuong - Pediatrician - Department of Pediatrics - Neonatology, Vinmec Central Park International General Hospital.Bronchospasm in children is a very common respiratory infection. If not detected early and treated promptly, the disease will lead to complications, especially bronchospasm, difficulty breathing, seriously affecting the health of children.
1. What is bronchospasm in children?
Bronchospasm in children is a disease caused by an inflammatory process caused by various agents, causing bronchospasm, resulting in a temporary narrowing of the bronchial lumen, making it difficult for children to breathe and wheeze. . In addition, the process of diffuse inflammation also makes the mucus-secreting glands overactive, increasing the secretion of viscous sputum and obstructing air circulation in the lungs.2. Causes of bronchospasm and difficulty breathing
Causes of bronchospasm in children are diverse:Viral infection is the most common and common cause. In which, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounted for the majority of cases along with other viruses such as influenza.
Bacterial infections are often secondary to viral infections. Common types of bacteria are pneumococcal, staphylococcus, streptococcus, H.influenzae ... Most of the bacteria that cause bronchospasm in children have lived often in the nasopharynx. Once children's resistance declines (after viral infection), they become more active, increase toxicity and cause disease.
In addition, in infants and young children, the immune system is not fully developed, can not protect the body from the attack of viruses and causes bronchitis in children.
Another factor that also plays an important role in causing the disease is atopic allergy in some children. Bronchospasm in children due to local factors often begins when exposed to allergens such as dust, animal dander, smoke, pollen, food, drugs...
Vi khuẩn tụ cầu là nguyên nhân gây viêm phế quản co thắt
3. Subjects often suffer from spasmodic bronchitis
Bronchospasm is common in young children, because of the sensitive body, immature immune system and organs, easily affected by disease-causing factors. In addition, bronchospasm mainly occurs in the following groups of subjects:Newborns: Especially premature babies, whose lung function has not been completed yet, so they are very susceptible to diseases. pathogens invade, especially at the time of season change. Overweight children: The lack of scientific supplementation of nutrients can easily lead to obesity, it is the excess fat that makes the child's body reduce resistance as well as make gas exchange activities difficult. Children in families with smokers: Secondhand smoke is the leading cause of increased lung disease.
4. Manifestations of bronchospasm in children
Bronchospasm in children has similar symptoms to bronchial asthma, so it is easy to misdiagnose and misdirect treatment. Clinical manifestations of bronchospasm in children include:At first, children often present with low-grade fever, and upper respiratory tract inflammation syndrome such as runny nose, cough, and sneezing. This stage manifests a lot like the common cold; Then the child begins to have a higher fever, bronchospasm, difficulty breathing, wheezing, stridor, increased breathing rate or rapid shallow breathing; Compensatory manifestations when the child has difficulty breathing such as chest tightness, intercostal muscle contraction, neck muscle contraction; Your baby may vomit or vomit after feeding or after a stimulus such as coughing or crying.
Sốt nhẹ là triệu chứng khởi phát của bệnh
5. Methods of treating spasmodic bronchitis in children
If bronchospasm is difficult to breathe, if not treated promptly, it can lead to life-threatening complications for the child. Depending on the severity of the disease, the treatment will vary. Mild cases may only require outpatient medication. Severe cases, especially with respiratory failure, require hospitalization for treatment.5.1 Treating the cause
Viral causes: Currently, there is no specific treatment drug, mainly supportive to prevent the disease from getting worse. Bacterial causes: use of antibiotics. Limit exposure to factors such as: smoke, pet hair, cigarette smoke, food or drugs that cause bronchospasm and difficulty breathing.5.2 Symptomatic treatment
Fever: use antipyretic drugs, the most commonly used is Paracetamol at a dose of 10-15mg/kg body weight/time, spaced every 4-6 hours. Cough increases mucus secretion: use expectorant drugs. Rehydration electrolytes if the baby is eating poorly or refuses to breastfeed in the newborn.
Có thể sử dụng thuốc Paracetamol để hạ sốt cho trẻ
5.3 Treatment of respiratory failure
If bronchospasm in children causes a lot of shortness of breath, accompanied by chest tightness, cyanosis due to lack of oxygen... then it is necessary to provide respiratory support for the child such as: oxygen breathing, mechanical ventilation... Aerosol sprays of drugs that both have bronchodilator effects, have expectorant effects and help children breathe easier.6. Care and prevention of bronchospasm in children
Bronchospasm in children can be prevented if parents know how to apply the following measures:Clean children's nose and throat regularly with physiological saline solution, especially in children prone to allergies... Babies need to be exclusively breastfed for at least the first 6 months after birth. If the mother does not have enough milk, supplement nutrition with age-appropriate formula. When giving solid foods to children, the diet needs to provide adequate nutrients, including 4 main food groups: sugar, protein, fat and minerals. Keep the child's surroundings clean, the resting space cool in the summer, warm in the cold season. Wash your hands with soap before and after taking care of your baby, after going to the toilet. Do not let your baby come into contact with polluted environments, dust, especially cigarette smoke.
Tránh hoặc hạn chế cho trẻ tiếp xúc với khói thuốc
As a key area of Vinmec Health system, Pediatrics Department always brings satisfaction to customers and is highly appreciated by industry experts with:
Gathering a team of top doctors and nurses in Pediatrics : consists of leading experts with high professional qualifications (professors, associate professors, doctorates, masters), experienced, worked at major hospitals such as Bach Mai, 108.. Doctors All doctors are well-trained, professional, conscientious, knowledgeable about young psychology. In addition to domestic pediatric specialists, the Department of Pediatrics also has the participation of foreign experts (Japan, Singapore, Australia, USA) who are always pioneers in applying the latest and most effective treatment regimens. . Comprehensive services: In the field of Pediatrics, Vinmec provides a series of continuous medical examination and treatment services from Newborn to Pediatric and Vaccine,... according to international standards to help parents take care of their baby's health from birth to childhood. from birth to adulthood Specialized techniques: Vinmec has successfully deployed many specialized techniques to make the treatment of difficult diseases in Pediatrics more effective: neurosurgery - skull surgery, stem cell transplantation. blood in cancer treatment. Professional care: In addition to understanding children's psychology, Vinmec also pays special attention to the children's play space, helping them to have fun and get used to the hospital's environment, cooperate in treatment, improve the efficiency of medical treatment.
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