This is an automatically translated article.
The article is professionally consulted by Master. BSCK II Phan Thi Minh Huong - Gastroenterologist - Department of Medical Examination & Internal Medicine - Vinmec Da Nang International General Hospital.Liver cysts are usually asymptomatic, most are simple, benign cysts that do not affect the body. Therefore, treatment of liver cysts is usually only applied in cases of cysts larger than 5cm.
1. What is a liver cyst?
A liver cyst is an empty space that may contain fluid, blood, or nothing in the liver. Liver cysts can arise from the liver cells, the blood vessels that feed the liver, or the bile ducts in the liver. Liver cysts are usually asymptomatic, most are discovered incidentally during a general physical examination or another medical examination.Liver cysts are more common in women. There are many different causes of liver cysts: congenital genetics; due to parasites, viruses, cysticercosis and tuberculosis; due to the structure of the liver... will cause liver cysts in many different locations.
2. Are liver cysts dangerous?
Cystic lesions of the liver include:Simple cysts Polycystic liver disease Cysts (Nanocysts) Hydatid cysts (echinococcus parasites) Liver abscess However, most liver cysts are simple, benign cysts The malignancy rate is very low. This type of liver cyst hardly affects the body.
Hầu hết các nang gan đều là nang đơn giản, lành tính
3. Treatment of liver cysts
Treatment of liver cysts basically depends on the type of liver cyst and its size.3.1. As for the size The majority of cases found are peaceful coexistence with cysts. In case the liver cyst size is less than 5cm, there is usually no need for therapeutic intervention, just regular screening for the disease to monitor, to determine the growth rate of the cyst, to prevent the cyst from developing. develop into a malignancy. In the case of liver cysts larger than 5cm, usually at this time the disease has caused many clinical symptoms such as pain and blood loss, internal bleeding, digestive disorders, jaundice, yellow eyes... At that time, it is very necessary. Doctors prescribe specific treatment to relieve these symptoms. 3.2. Treatment by type of cyst 3.2.1 Simple cyst Simple cyst is usually considered to be congenital. The cyst is lined by epithelium of the same type as the bile duct, but the fluid in the cyst does not contain bile. Because cyst fluid is secreted continuously, the cyst usually re-establishes after aspiration or drainage.
Simple cysts are usually asymptomatic, it can cause pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and an enlarged abdomen if the cyst is large. If the cyst is too large, it can be palpated on abdominal examination. Rupture, torsion of the cyst, and jaundice are complications caused by bile duct obstruction but are actually very rare.
The disease can heal on its own. In case of symptoms, aspiration or cystic fibrosis. Laparoscopy or open surgery to open the cyst (fenestration) may be more effective, but there is a risk of surgery. Often, however, symptomatic cysts respond well to treatment.
3.2.2. Polycystic liver disease Adult polycystic liver disease is a congenital condition that often accompanies polycystic kidney disease and is often associated with genetic disorders.
Renal cysts often precede liver cysts and chronic kidney disease is also common. However, polycystic liver disease actually very rarely leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. An enlarged liver and abdominal pain may be present. These cysts are usually discovered during puberty. Rupture, hemorrhage, and infection of the cyst are rare.
Treatment is only necessary when cysts cause symptoms. As with simple liver cysts, can be treated by aspiration, fibrosis. A liver transplant may also be performed. The recurrence rate after sclerotherapy is estimated to be about 19%.
3.2.3. Cyst (Follicular Neoplasm) Adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma are rare. An adenocarcinoma is a precancerous lesion.
This type of cyst is usually asymptomatic or symptoms (indistinct) include abdominal distention, nausea, and a feeling of fullness. If the tumor is large, the patient may experience abdominal pain and biliary obstruction.
Treatment of this type of tumor is mainly to remove the tumor. However, adenocarcinoma can still recur after complete resection.
U nang tuyến là một tổn thương tiền ung thư
Carnivores such as dogs and wolves are considered the main hosts. They excrete fluke eggs through feces and then the eggs can infect cattle or humans. Therefore, infected people are often found in people who keep sheep or other types of buffalo or cows or in people who come into contact with dogs.
Patients may be asymptomatic for many years or may present with pain in the right upper quadrant. Large cysts can rupture into the biliary tract causing jaundice or cholangitis, rupture through the diaphragm into the chest, or rupture into the abdomen causing anaphylaxis. Secondary infection and liver abscess may result from cyst rupture. Cysts can form in the lungs and other organs.
It is essential to prevent complications from large cysts and rupture of cysts. Treatment includes medications such as albendazole or mebendazole, percutaneous aspiration, and surgery.
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