Stem cell transplantation to treat certain types of cancer, such as cancers of the hematopoietic system (multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma) carries a risk of some unusual health problems. Side effects after a stem cell transplant can appear soon after completing the transplant or appear late after a long time.

Not all cancers can be cured with stem cells. This method only plays a role in the treatment of certain types of cancer (mainly cancer of the hematopoietic system). When treating these cancers, chemotherapy and radiation therapy not only kill cancer cells, but also inadvertently kill stem cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, patients need a combination of stem cell transplant, also known as marrow transplant, to help restore or create new healthy cells.

Some types of cancer can be cured by stem cell transplantation, which is a great advance in world medicine. In Vietnam, the treatment of some types of cancer with stem cell therapy has now been conducted in many places.