Immune thrombocytopenic purpura can occur in any subject, both adults and children. For children, the disease often starts after a viral infection and can heal on its own without treatment, however, for adults, the disease is very likely to progress to chronic if not treated properly.

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a process in which hematopoietic stem cells from a donor are transferred to a recipient with the aim of developing and replacing part or all of the recipient's hematopoietic cell system. The source of stem cells can come from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.