Movement disorders in children occur due to brain structure damage due to trauma, disease, metabolic disorders or genetics. The disease can gradually worsen and become chronic if not treated promptly.

There are many risks to a patient in terms of surgical positioning. These include mechanical forces caused by the surgical position leading to soft tissue and nerve damage. Immobilization can also impair normal patient physiology and must be considered for all patients, especially any position other than supine. Careful assessment of each patient prior to anesthesia is important to reduce the risk of complications related to surgical positioning.