Inguinal hernias account for about 75% of all abdominal wall hernias. The inguinal canal is located in the groin area. In men, the testicles usually pass through the inguinal canal into the scrotum shortly before birth. In women, the inguinal canal is the site of the uterine ligaments.

Serious complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy include biliary tract injury, biliary leakage, bleeding, and bowel injury due to patient choice, surgeon experience, and technical awkwardness. The primary type of heat-induced biliary tract injury may be unrecognizable intraoperatively and usually involves the common hepatic duct or the right hepatic duct.

Minimally invasive surgery includes robotic surgery and non-robotic minimally invasive surgery (classic laparoscopic surgery). Minimally invasive surgery offers many advantages such as small incisions, less pain, low risk of infection, short hospital stay, fast recovery time, less scarring, less blood loss, and improved treatment outcomes.