Myelodysplastic syndrome (also called myelodysplasia) occurs when the stem cells in your blood fail to become healthy blood cells. Medullary dysplasia can cause serious conditions such as anemia, frequent infections, and bleeding that won't stop. Treatment of MDS focuses on slowing the progression of the syndrome, treating the associated conditions, and alleviating symptoms. This article will take a look at the stages and treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).