Cardiac output changes depend on many factors. Changes in cardiac output may be a sign of response to an increase in the body's oxygen demand or are serious diseases affecting cardiac output.

An important function of the cardiovascular system is to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen to the working cells. The index that shows the working function of the cardiovascular system is cardiac output, which should ensure adequate cardiac output into the pulmonary circulation and the macrocirculation. Cardiac output also changes as the body increases oxygen demand.

The operating principle of PiCCO is based on the combination of transpulmonary thermodilution and continuous pulse contour analysis methods, continuously measuring and measuring PICCO parameters in hemodynamic monitoring such as: CO, preload, systemic resistance, cardiac contractility and extravascular fluid in the lungs without the need to place a catheter in the right heart.

Fluid resuscitation is an especially important emergency resuscitation method, especially for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Fluid resuscitation guidelines vary from country to country, but the most important thing is to ensure the patient's hemodynamics.

An electrocardiogram is an electrocardiogram that shows the heart rate. So what is heart rate and what are the measurements to determine heart rate?